Exam question 4 · Sunday school, youth groups and charity

Which of the following most accurately characterises volunteering?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, volunteer

This is exam question 4 of lesson 27 «Sunday school, youth groups and charity» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 characterises	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 characterises	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 characterises	csubj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	4 following	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	volunteering	volunteer	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 characterises	xcomp
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund	accurately property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		tree rules
3	volunteer	gerund		vn captain-29.8 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The free bestowal of one's time in service of others

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 bestowal	det
2	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 bestowal	amod
3	bestowal	bestowal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 time	case
5	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 time	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 one	case
7	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bestowal	nmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 service	case
9	service	service	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 time	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 others	case
11	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 service	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bestow			one's time in service of others					nom bestowal «act transitive»: of=patient
2	service			others					nom service «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

The performance of labour in return for wages

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 performance	det
2	performance	performance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 labour	case
4	labour	labour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 performance	nmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 return	case
6	return	return	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 performance	nmod
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 wages	case
8	wages	wage	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 return	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perform			labour		return for wages			nom performance «communication transitive»: of=patient in=place

Option 3

The solicitation of assistance from others with one's own studies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 solicitation	det
2	solicitation	solicitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 assistance	case
4	assistance	assistance	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 solicitation	nmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 others	case
6	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 assistance	nmod
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 one	case
8	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 others	nmod
9	's	's	PART	_	8 one	case
10	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 studies	amod
11	studies	study	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 one	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	solicit			assistance from others with one					nom solicitation «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

The payment of others to perform one's duties

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 payment	det
2	payment	payment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 others	case
4	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 payment	nmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 perform	mark
6	perform	perform	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 payment	acl
7	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 duties	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 one	case
9	duties	duty	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 perform	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perform	to-infinitive		one's duties					vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duty=Theme
2	pay			others					nom payment «possession transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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