Exam question 3 · Noah and the Tower of Babel

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises Christian opinion as to the extent of the Flood?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, extend · To what, where: Christian opinion, Flood

This is exam question 3 of lesson 3 «Noah and the Tower of Babel» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	Christian	Christian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 opinion	amod
10	opinion	opinion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	as	as	ADP	_	14 extent	case
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 extent	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 extent	det
14	extent	extent	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 Flood	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 Flood	det
17	Flood	flood	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 extent	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	Christian opinion	of the following statements; as the extent of the Flood; accurately property	tree rules
3	extend		the Flood		nom extent «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is disputed, some holding it universal and others local or figurative

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 disputed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 disputed	aux:pass
3	disputed	dispute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 holding	punct
5	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	6 holding	nsubj
6	holding	hold	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 disputed	advcl
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 holding	obj
8	universal	universal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 holding	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 local	cc
10	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 local	nsubj
11	local	local	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 universal	conj
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 figurative	cc
13	figurative	figurative	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 universal	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dispute	present · passive		It					tree rules
2	hold	gerund	some	it					vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme universal=Eventuality

Option 2

It is uniformly held to be entirely fictitious and without any foundation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 held	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 held	aux:pass
3	uniformly	uniformly	ADV	_	4 held	advmod
4	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	8 fictitious	mark
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 fictitious	cop
7	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	8 fictitious	advmod
8	fictitious	fictitious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 held	advcl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 foundation	cc
10	without	without	ADP	_	12 foundation	case
11	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	12 foundation	det
12	foundation	foundation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 fictitious	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present · passive		It				uniformly property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	is	to-infinitive						entirely, fictitious property	tree rules

Option 3

It is uniformly held to have been confined to Egypt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 held	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 held	aux:pass
3	uniformly	uniformly	ADV	_	4 held	advmod
4	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	8 confined	mark
6	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 confined	aux
7	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 confined	aux:pass
8	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 held	advcl
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 Egypt	case
10	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 confined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present · passive		It				uniformly property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	confine	to-infinitive · perfect · passive			Egypt				vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: to egypt=Destination

Option 4

It is uniformly held to have been universal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 held	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 held	aux:pass
3	uniformly	uniformly	ADV	_	4 held	advmod
4	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	8 universal	mark
6	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 universal	aux
7	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 universal	cop
8	universal	universal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 held	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present · passive		It				uniformly property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	is	to-infinitive · perfect						universal property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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