Exam question 1 · Virtues: honesty, fairness and kindness

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the moral of Aesop's fable of the boy who cried wolf?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy · What happens: follow, characteris, cry · To what, where: moral, wolf

This is exam question 1 of lesson 34 «Virtues: honesty, fairness and kindness» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 moral	det
10	moral	moral	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 fable	case
12	Aesop	Aesop	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 fable	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 Aesop	case
14	fable	fable	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 moral	nmod
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 boy	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 boy	det
17	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 fable	nmod
18	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 cried	nsubj
19	cried	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 boy	acl:relcl
20	wolf	wolf	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 cried	obj
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the moral of Aesop's fable of the boy	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	cry speech: express	past	the boy	wolf		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wolf=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Solitary labour is inadvisable for persons of tender years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Solitary	solitary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 labour	amod
2	labour	labour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 inadvisable	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 inadvisable	cop
4	inadvisable	inadvisable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 persons	case
6	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 inadvisable	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 years	case
8	tender	tender	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 years	compound
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 persons	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Solitary labour					for persons of tender years; inadvisable property	tree rules

Option 2

Loud exclamation invariably secures prompt assistance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 exclamation	amod
2	exclamation	exclamation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 secures	nsubj
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	4 secures	advmod
4	secures	secure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	prompt	prompt	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 assistance	amod
6	assistance	assistance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 secures	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	secure	present	Loud exclamation	prompt assistance				invariably property	vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition assistance=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Habitual deceit forfeits trust, such that even truthful words are disbelieved

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Habitual	habitual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 deceit	amod
2	deceit	deceit	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 forfeits	nsubj
3	forfeits	forfeit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	trust	trust	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 forfeits	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 disbelieved	punct
6	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	10 words	case
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 such	fixed
8	even	even	ADV	_	10 words	advmod
9	truthful	truthful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 words	amod
10	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 disbelieved	obl
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 disbelieved	aux:pass
12	disbelieved	disbelieve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 trust	appos

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	forfeit	present	Habitual deceit	trust					vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent trust=Theme
2	disbelieve	present · passive						such truthful words	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Wolves constitute a greater danger than villagers commonly suppose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 constitute	nsubj
2	constitute	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 danger	det
4	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 danger	amod
5	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitute	obj
6	than	than	ADP	_	7 villagers	case
7	villagers	villager	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 danger	nmod
8	commonly	commonly	ADV	_	9 suppose	advmod
9	suppose	suppose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 constitute	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	Wolves	a greater danger				than villagers	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme danger=Pivot
2	suppose	present	Wolves not said here					commonly property	vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/34-honesty-fairness-and-kindness/e1/