Test 8 · ★★ · Whistle-blowing: when to tell

Dad says, "In my old job a woman reported the boss for cheating customers and got sacked for it." What does this show?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Dad, woman, my, this · What happens: say, report, cheat, sack, job, show · To what, where: boss, old job · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 45 «Whistle-blowing: when to tell» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Dad says, "In my old job a woman reported the boss for cheating customers and got sacked for it."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 reported	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 reported	punct
5	In	in	ADP	_	8 job	case
6	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 job	nmod:poss
7	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 job	amod
8	job	job	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 reported	obl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 woman	det
10	woman	woman	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 reported	nsubj
11	reported	report	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 boss	det
13	boss	boss	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 reported	obj
14	for	for	ADP	_	16 customers	case
15	cheating	cheat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 customers	amod
16	customers	customer	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 boss	nmod
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 sacked	cc
18	got	get	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 sacked	aux:pass
19	sacked	sack	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 reported	conj
20	for	for	ADP	_	21 it	case
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 sacked	obl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct
23	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Dad				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	report in a quote	past	a woman	the boss	my old job	for cheating customers	vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent boss=Patient for customer=Theme
3	cheat in a quote	gerund					vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	sack in a quote	past · passive	a woman not said here			for boss	vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»
5	job in a quote		my				nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does this show?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 show	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 show	aux
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 show	nsubj
4	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present · do-support	this						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient

The options

Option 1

Speaking up always leads to a reward in the end

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Speaking	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 leads	csubj
2	up	up	ADP	_	1 Speaking	compound:prt
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 leads	advmod
4	leads	lead	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 reward	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 reward	det
7	reward	reward	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 leads	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 end	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 end	det
10	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 leads	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak up speech: other	gerund							vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	lead	present	Speaking				in the end	to a reward; always property	vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to reward=Patient

Option 2

She was wrong to speak up, because she lost her job

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 wrong	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 speak	mark
5	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 wrong	xcomp
6	up	up	ADP	_	5 speak	compound:prt
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 lost	punct
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 lost	mark
9	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 lost	nsubj
10	lost	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	conj
11	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 job	nmod:poss
12	job	job	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lost	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	past	She		wrong property	tree rules
2	speak up speech: other	to-infinitive	She not said here			vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	lose	past	she	her job		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality
4	job		her = she			nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

Bosses are always right about everything, so she should have kept quiet and done her job

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bosses	boss	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 right	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 right	cop
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 right	advmod
4	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	about	about	ADP	_	6 everything	case
6	everything	everything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	4 right	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 kept	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	12 kept	advmod
9	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 kept	nsubj
10	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 kept	aux
11	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 kept	aux
12	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 right	parataxis
13	quiet	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 kept	xcomp
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 done	cc
15	done	done	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 right	conj
16	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 job	nmod:poss
17	job	job	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 right	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	Bosses	about everything; her job obl; always, right property	tree rules
2	keep	should · perfect	she	quiet property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	be		Bosses not said here		tree rules
4	job		her = she		nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Speaking up can be costly, which is why it takes courage and needs protecting

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Speaking	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 costly	csubj
2	up	up	ADP	_	1 Speaking	compound:prt
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 costly	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 costly	cop
5	costly	costly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 why	punct
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 why	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 why	cop
9	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 costly	parataxis
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 takes	nsubj
11	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 why	ccomp
12	courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 takes	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 needs	cc
14	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 takes	conj
15	protecting	protect	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 needs	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	speak up speech: other	gerund				vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	can	Speaking		costly property	tree rules
3	is	present			why property	tree rules
4	take	present	it	courage		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme
5	need	present				vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
6	protect not said to happen	gerund				vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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