Exam question 1 · Animals

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the grounds upon which duties towards animals are commonly held to rest?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, hold, rest · To what, where: grounds

This is exam question 1 of lesson 46 «Animals» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 grounds	det
10	grounds	grounds	NOUN	Number=Ptan	18 held	nsubj:pass
11	upon	upon	ADP	_	13 duties	case
12	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	13 duties	det
13	duties	duty	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 grounds	nmod
14	towards	towards	ADP	_	15 animals	case
15	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 duties	nmod
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 held	aux:pass
17	commonly	commonly	ADV	_	18 held	advmod
18	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 characterises	ccomp
19	to	to	PART	_	20 rest	mark
20	rest	rest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 held	advcl
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	hold	present · passive	the grounds upon which duties towards animals	commonly property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
4	rest	to-infinitive			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Animals are capable of experiencing pain and fear, and are therefore owed humane treatment

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 capable	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 capable	cop
3	capable	capable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 experiencing	mark
5	experiencing	experience	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 capable	advcl
6	pain	pain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 experiencing	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 fear	cc
8	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pain	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 owed	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 owed	cc
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 owed	aux:pass
12	therefore	therefore	ADV	_	13 owed	advmod
13	owed	owe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 capable	conj
14	humane	humane	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 treatment	amod
15	treatment	treatment	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 owed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Animals		capable property	tree rules
2	experience	gerund	Animals not said here	pain and fear		vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pain=Stimulus
3	owe	present · passive	Animals not said here	humane treatment	therefore property	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: treatment=Theme

Option 2

Animals are possessed of the faculty of speech and may assert their own entitlements

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possessed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possessed	aux:pass
3	possessed	possess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 faculty	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 faculty	det
6	faculty	faculty	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possessed	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 speech	case
8	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 faculty	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 assert	cc
10	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 assert	aux
11	assert	assert	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 possessed	conj
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 entitlements	nmod:poss
13	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 entitlements	amod
14	entitlements	entitlement	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 assert	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present · passive		Animals				of the faculty of speech	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	assert	may		Animals's own entitlements					vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent entitlement=Theme

Option 3

Animals are owed nothing whatsoever save that which statute expressly requires

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 owed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 owed	aux:pass
3	owed	owe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 nothing	amod
4	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	6 save	obj
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	6 save	advmod
6	save	save	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 requires	mark
8	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	9 statute	det
9	statute	statute	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 requires	nsubj
10	expressly	expressly	ADV	_	9 statute	advmod
11	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 save	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	owe	present · passive		Animals		vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme
2	save	present		nothing	whatsoever property	vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Theme
3	require	present	which statute			vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Animals are of greater worth than human beings in every respect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 worth	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 worth	cop
3	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 worth	mark
4	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 worth	amod
5	worth	worth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 beings	case
7	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 beings	amod
8	beings	being	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 worth	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 respect	case
10	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	11 respect	det
11	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 worth	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Animals			every respect		than human beings; worth property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/46-animals/e1/