Exam question 2 · Lifeboat choices

Identify the statement that most accurately characterises the dilemma commonly termed the trolley problem.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, most, dilemma · What happens: identify, characteris, term · To what, where: statement, trolley problem

This is exam question 2 of lesson 48 «Lifeboat choices» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 statement	det
3	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 characterises	mark
5	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 characterises	nsubj
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	5 most	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 dilemma	det
9	dilemma	dilemma	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 termed	nsubj
10	commonly	commonly	ADV	_	11 termed	advmod
11	termed	term	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 characterises	ccomp
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 problem	det
13	trolley	trolley	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 problem	compound
14	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 termed	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the statement		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent statement=Theme
2	characteris	present	most			tree rules
3	term	past	the dilemma	the trolley problem	commonly property	vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It concerns the conveyance of goods within a retail establishment

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 concerns	nsubj
2	concerns	concern	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 conveyance	det
4	conveyance	conveyance	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 concerns	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 goods	case
6	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	4 conveyance	nmod
7	within	within	ADP	_	10 establishment	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 establishment	det
9	retail	retail	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 establishment	compound
10	establishment	establishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 concerns	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	concern	present	It	the conveyance of goods				within a retail establishment	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus conveyance=Experiencer
2	convey			goods					nom conveyance «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

It concerns the number of persons a vehicle may lawfully carry

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 concerns	nsubj
2	concerns	concern	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 number	det
4	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 concerns	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 persons	case
6	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 number	nmod
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 vehicle	det
8	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 carry	nsubj
9	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 carry	aux
10	lawfully	lawfully	ADV	_	11 carry	advmod
11	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 persons	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	concern	present	It	the number of persons					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus number=Experiencer
2	carry	may	a vehicle	persons not said here				lawfully property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Theme

Option 3

It concerns a question upon which all moral philosophers are agreed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 concerns	nsubj
2	concerns	concern	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 question	det
4	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 concerns	obj
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 agreed	obl
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 philosophers	det
8	moral	moral	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 philosophers	amod
9	philosophers	philosopher	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 agreed	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 agreed	aux:pass
11	agreed	agree	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 question	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	concern	present	It	a question					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus question=Experiencer
2	agree speech: agree	present · passive		all moral philosophers				upon a question	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Topic

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It concerns whether harm to one person may be permitted in order to save five, and remains disputed

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 concerns	nsubj
2	concerns	concern	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	10 permitted	mark
4	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 permitted	nsubj:pass
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 person	case
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 person	nummod
7	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 harm	nmod
8	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 permitted	aux
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 permitted	aux:pass
10	permitted	permit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 concerns	ccomp
11	in	in	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	14 save	mark
12	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 in	fixed
13	to	to	PART	_	14 save	mark
14	save	save	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 permitted	advcl
15	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 save	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 remains	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 remains	cc
18	remains	remains	NOUN	Number=Ptan	2 concerns	obl
19	disputed	dispute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 remains	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	concern	present	It	remains	tree rules
2	permit	may · passive		harm to one person	vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
3	save	to-infinitive		five	vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent five=Theme
4	dispute	participle		remains not said here	vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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