Exam question 1 · Getting old: how long people and animals live

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the process of human ageing?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, process · To what, where: process, human ageing

This is exam question 1 of lesson 52 «Getting old: how long people and animals live» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 process	det
10	process	process	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 ageing	case
12	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 ageing	amod
13	ageing	ageing	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 process	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the process of human ageing	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	process		human ageing		nom process «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A phenomenon confined to persons who neglect their health

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 phenomenon	det
2	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 phenomenon	acl
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 persons	case
5	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 confined	obl
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 neglect	nsubj
7	neglect	neglect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 persons	acl:relcl
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 health	nmod:poss
9	health	health	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 neglect	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	participle		a phenomenon not said here	persons				vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to person=Destination
2	neglect	present	persons	persons's health					vn neglect-75.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent health=Theme

Option 2

A punishment imposed upon those who have done wrong

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 punishment	det
2	punishment	punishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	imposed	impose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 punishment	acl
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 those	case
5	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	3 imposed	obl:agent
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 done	nsubj
7	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 done	aux
8	done	do	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 those	acl:relcl
9	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 done	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	impose	participle		a punishment not said here					vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	do	present · perfect						wrong property	vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

A process which may be entirely reversed by medical intervention

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 process	det
2	process	process	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 reversed	nsubj:pass
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 reversed	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 reversed	aux:pass
6	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	7 reversed	advmod
7	reversed	reverse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 process	acl:relcl
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 intervention	case
9	medical	medical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 intervention	amod
10	intervention	intervention	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 reversed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reverse	may · passive	medical intervention	a process				entirely property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A gradual deterioration of bodily functions which medicine may slow but cannot arrest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 deterioration	det
2	gradual	gradual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 deterioration	amod
3	deterioration	deterioration	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 slow	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 functions	case
5	bodily	bodily	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 functions	amod
6	functions	function	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 deterioration	nmod
7	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	8 medicine	det
8	medicine	medicine	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 functions	nmod:unmarked
9	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 slow	aux
10	slow	slow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 arrest	cc
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 arrest	aux
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 arrest	advmod
14	arrest	arrest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 slow	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	slow	may	a gradual deterioration of bodily functions which medicine	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	not arrest	can	a gradual deterioration of bodily functions which medicine not said here	vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	deteriorate		bodily functions which medicine	nom deterioration «state intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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