Exam question 1 · Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the condition of death in a living organism?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, condition · To what, where: condition, living organism, death

This is exam question 1 of lesson 53 «Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 condition	det
10	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 death	case
12	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 condition	nmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	16 organism	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 organism	det
15	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 organism	amod
16	organism	organism	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the condition of death	a living organism	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	condition		death			nom condition «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A state from which the organism will awaken in due course

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 state	det
2	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 which	case
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 awaken	obl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 organism	det
6	organism	organism	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 awaken	nsubj
7	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 awaken	aux
8	awaken	awaken	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 state	acl:relcl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 course	case
10	due	due	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 course	amod
11	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 awaken	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	awaken	future	the organism			a state		in due course	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in course=Location

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The complete and irreversible cessation of bodily functions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 cessation	det
2	complete	complete	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cessation	amod
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 irreversible	cc
4	irreversible	irreversible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 complete	conj
5	cessation	cessation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 functions	case
7	bodily	bodily	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 functions	amod
8	functions	function	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cessation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cease			bodily functions					nom cessation «event transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

A temporary condition analogous to sleep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 analogous	det
2	temporary	temporary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 analogous	amod
3	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 analogous	compound
4	analogous	analogous	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 sleep	mark
6	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 analogous	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	to-infinitive							vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

A condition confined to organisms of advanced age and great infirmity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 condition	det
2	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 condition	acl
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 organisms	case
5	organisms	organism	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 confined	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 age	case
7	advanced	advanced	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 age	amod
8	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 organisms	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 infirmity	cc
10	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 infirmity	amod
11	infirmity	infirmity	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 age	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	participle		a condition not said here		organisms of advanced age and great infirmity			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to organism=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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