Exam question 4 · Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature
Ascertain the reason for which the lion kills other animals.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, lion · What happens: ascertain, kill · To what, where: reason, other animals
This is exam question 4 of lesson 53 «Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 reason | det |
| 3 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 which | case |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 kills | obl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 lion | det |
| 7 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 kills | nsubj |
| 8 | kills | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 reason | acl |
| 9 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 animals | amod |
| 10 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 kills | obj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the reason | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic | ||||
| 2 | kill | present | the lion | other animals | for the reason | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
It is commanded to do so by its keepers
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 commanded | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 commanded | aux:pass |
| 3 | commanded | command | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 do | mark |
| 5 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 commanded | xcomp |
| 6 | so | so | ADV | _ | 5 do | advmod |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 keepers | case |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 keepers | nmod:poss |
| 9 | keepers | keeper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 do | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | command | present · passive | It | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | do not said to happen | to-infinitive | by its keepers | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
It is carnivorous and requires meat for its sustenance and that of its young
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 carnivorous | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 carnivorous | cop |
| 3 | carnivorous | carnivorous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 requires | cc |
| 5 | requires | require | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 carnivorous | conj |
| 6 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 requires | obj |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 sustenance | case |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 sustenance | nmod:poss |
| 9 | sustenance | sustenance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 requires | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 that | cc |
| 11 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 9 sustenance | nmod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 young | case |
| 13 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 young | nmod:poss |
| 14 | young | young | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 that | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | It | carnivorous property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | require | present | meat | for meat's sustenance that | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme meat=Precondition |
Option 3
It is incapable of distinguishing prey from companions
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 incapable | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 incapable | cop |
| 3 | incapable | incapable | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 prey | case |
| 5 | distinguishing | distinguishing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 prey | amod |
| 6 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 incapable | nmod |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 companions | case |
| 8 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 prey | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | incapable | of distinguishing prey from companions | tree rules |
Option 4
It derives entertainment from the suffering of its prey
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 derives | nsubj |
| 2 | derives | derive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | entertainment | entertainment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 derives | obj |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 suffering | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 suffering | det |
| 6 | suffering | suffering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 derives | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 prey | case |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 prey | nmod:poss |
| 9 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 suffering | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | derive | present | It | entertainment | the suffering of suffering's prey | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent entertainment=Result from suffering=Material | |||
| 2 | suffer | suffering's prey | nom suffering «state intransitive»: of=agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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