Exam question 2 · Souls, ghosts and stories

Identify the principal reason for which a bereaved child may believe herself to have been visited by a deceased relative.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, bereaved child, deceased relative · What happens: identify, believe, visit, decease · To what, where: principal reason, child

This is exam question 2 of lesson 74 «Souls, ghosts and stories» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 believe	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 child	det
8	bereaved	bereaved	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 child	amod
9	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 believe	nsubj
10	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 believe	aux
11	believe	believe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	acl:relcl
12	herself	herself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	11 believe	obj
13	to	to	PART	_	16 visited	mark
14	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 visited	aux
15	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	16 visited	aux:pass
16	visited	visit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 believe	advcl
17	by	by	ADP	_	20 relative	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 relative	det
19	deceased	decease	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 relative	amod
20	relative	relative	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 visited	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	believe	may	a bereaved child	child	for the principal reason	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer herself=Stimulus for which=Attribute
3	visit	to-infinitive · perfect · passive	a deceased relative			vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	decease	participle				vn die-42.4 «NP V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Dreams and feelings of nearness commonly accompany grief

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dreams	dream	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 accompany	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 feelings	cc
3	feelings	feeling	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Dreams	conj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 nearness	case
5	nearness	nearness	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Dreams	nmod
6	commonly	commonly	ADV	_	7 accompany	advmod
7	accompany	accompany	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	grief	grief	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 accompany	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accompany	present	Dreams of nearness and feelings	grief				commonly property	vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grief=Theme
2	dream			nearness					nom dream «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

The child has deliberately fabricated the occurrence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 child	det
2	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fabricated	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fabricated	aux
4	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	_	5 fabricated	advmod
5	fabricated	fabricate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 occurrence	det
7	occurrence	occurrence	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fabricated	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fabricate	present · perfect · passive		the child				deliberately property	tree rules

Option 3

The deceased are compelled to return to their former homes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 compelled	nsubj:pass
2	deceased	decease	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 The	acl
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 compelled	aux:pass
4	compelled	compel	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 return	mark
6	return	return	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 compelled	xcomp
7	to	to	ADP	_	10 homes	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 homes	nmod:poss
9	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 homes	amod
10	homes	home	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 return	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	decease	participle			vn die-42.4 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	compel	present · passive	The		vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result
3	return	to-infinitive		to their former homes result	vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to home=Result

Option 4

Such visits are the ordinary consequence of a funeral

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 visits	amod
2	visits	visit	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consequence	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consequence	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 consequence	det
5	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 consequence	amod
6	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 funeral	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 funeral	det
9	funeral	funeral	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 consequence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Such visits	the ordinary consequence				of a funeral	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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