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Exam question 4 · Is it fair? Why bad things happen to good people

It is given that a believer entertains doubts following a bereavement. Ascertain which statement is consistent with the matters taught.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: believer, doubts, you, statement, matters · What happens: give, entertain, follow, ascertain, be, teach · To what, where: It, doubts, bereavement

This is exam question 4 of lesson 75 «Is it fair? Why bad things happen to good people» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a believer entertains doubts following a bereavement.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 entertains	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 believer	det
6	believer	believer	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 entertains	nsubj
7	entertains	entertain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
8	doubts	doubt	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 entertains	obj
9	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 doubts	acl
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 bereavement	det
11	bereavement	bereavement	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 following	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	entertain	present	a believer	doubts					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus doubt=Experiencer
3	follow	gerund	doubts not said here	a bereavement					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bereavement=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain which statement is consistent with the matters taught.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	3 statement	det
3	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 consistent	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 consistent	cop
5	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Ascertain	ccomp
6	with	with	SCONJ	_	9 taught	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 matters	det
8	matters	matter	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 taught	nsubj
9	taught	teach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 consistent	advcl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here						vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	which statement					consistent property	tree rules
3	teach speech: other	past	the matters						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Doubt demonstrates that the person never held any genuine faith whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Doubt	doubt	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 demonstrates	nsubj
2	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 held	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 person	det
5	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 held	nsubj
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 held	advmod
7	held	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 demonstrates	advcl
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 faith	det
9	genuine	genuine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 faith	amod
10	faith	faith	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 held	obj
11	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	7 held	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	demonstrate	present	Doubt						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	not hold	past	the person	any genuine faith				whatsoever property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent faith=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Doubt is common among persons of faith and may coexist with belief

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Doubt	doubt	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 common	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 common	cop
3	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	among	among	ADP	_	5 persons	case
5	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 common	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 faith	case
7	faith	faith	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 persons	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 coexist	cc
9	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 coexist	aux
10	coexist	coexist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 common	conj
11	with	with	ADP	_	12 belief	case
12	belief	belief	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 coexist	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Doubt					among persons of faith; common property	tree rules
2	coexist	may	Doubt not said here					with belief	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Doubt may be entertained only by members of the clergy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Doubt	doubt	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 entertained	nsubj:pass
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 entertained	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 entertained	aux:pass
4	entertained	entertain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	4 entertained	advmod
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 members	case
7	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 entertained	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 clergy	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 clergy	det
10	clergy	clergy	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 members	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	entertain	may · passive	members of the clergy	Doubt					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer

Option 4

Doubt is prohibited by every Christian denomination

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Doubt	doubt	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 prohibited	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 prohibited	aux:pass
3	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 denomination	case
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 denomination	det
6	Christian	Christian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 denomination	amod
7	denomination	denomination	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 prohibited	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit	present · passive	every Christian denomination	Doubt					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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