Exam question 2 · Keeping promises

Given that a promise has been broken in consequence of a genuine emergency, identify the statement consistent with this lesson.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, break, identify · To what, where: promise, consequence, statement

This is exam question 2 of lesson 86 «Keeping promises» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 broken	mark
2	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 broken	mark
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 promise	det
4	promise	promise	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 broken	nsubj:pass
5	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 broken	aux
6	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 broken	aux:pass
7	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 identify	advcl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 consequence	case
9	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 broken	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 emergency	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 emergency	det
12	genuine	genuine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 emergency	amod
13	emergency	emergency	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 consequence	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 broken	punct
15	identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 statement	det
17	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 identify	obj
18	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 identify	xcomp
19	with	with	ADP	_	21 lesson	case
20	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	21 lesson	det
21	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 consistent	obl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	give	participle					vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	break	present · perfect · passive		a promise	consequence of a genuine emergency		vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
3	identify	imperative	you not said here	the statement		consistent property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent statement=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The breach requires neither explanation nor apology

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 breach	det
2	breach	breach	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 requires	nsubj
3	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	neither	neither	CCONJ	Polarity=Neg	5 explanation	cc:preconj
5	explanation	explanation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 requires	obj
6	nor	nor	CCONJ	Polarity=Neg	7 apology	cc
7	apology	apology	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 explanation	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	the breach	explanation nor apology					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme explanation=Precondition

Option 2

The breach constitutes a deliberate falsehood of the gravest kind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 breach	det
2	breach	breach	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 constitutes	nsubj
3	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 falsehood	det
5	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 falsehood	amod
6	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 constitutes	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 kind	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 kind	det
9	gravest	grave	ADJ	Degree=Sup	10 kind	amod
10	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 falsehood	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	the breach	a deliberate falsehood of the gravest kind					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme falsehood=Pivot

Option 3

The breach releases the promisor from all future obligations

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 breach	det
2	breach	breach	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 releases	nsubj
3	releases	release	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 promisor	det
5	promisor	promisor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 releases	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	9 obligations	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 obligations	det
8	future	future	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 obligations	amod
9	obligations	obligation	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 releases	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	release	present	the breach	the promisor		all future obligations			vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer promisor=Source

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The breach does not constitute a falsehood, though an apology and recompense are owed

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 breach	det
2	breach	breach	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 constitute	nsubj
3	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 constitute	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 constitute	advmod
5	constitute	constitute	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 falsehood	det
7	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 constitute	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 owed	punct
9	though	though	SCONJ	_	15 owed	mark
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 apology	det
11	apology	apology	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 owed	nsubj:pass
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 recompense	cc
13	recompense	recompense	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 apology	conj
14	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 owed	aux:pass
15	owed	owe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 constitute	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not constitute	present · do-support	the breach	a falsehood					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme falsehood=Pivot
2	owe	present · passive		a apology and recompense					vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/86-keeping-promises/e2/