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Test 9 · Keeping promises

A cartoon shows a hero who promises a villain to help steal a treasure, and keeps the promise "because promises are sacred". What is wrong?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cartoon, hero, promises · What happens: show, promise, help, steal, keep, be · To what, where: hero, villain, treasure, promise · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 of lesson 86 «Keeping promises» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon shows a hero who promises a villain to help steal a treasure, and keeps the promise "because promises are sacred".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cartoon	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	nsubj
3	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 hero	det
5	hero	hero	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obj
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 promises	nsubj
7	promises	promise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hero	acl:relcl
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 villain	det
9	villain	villain	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 promises	obj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 help	mark
11	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 promises	advcl
12	steal	steal	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 help	xcomp
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 treasure	det
14	treasure	treasure	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 steal	obj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 keeps	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 keeps	cc
17	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 shows	conj
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 promise	det
19	promise	promise	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 keeps	obj
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 promise	punct
21	because	because	SCONJ	_	24 sacred	mark
22	promises	promise	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 sacred	nsubj
23	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 sacred	cop
24	sacred	sacred	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 keeps	advcl
25	"	"	PUNCT	_	24 sacred	punct
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	a cartoon	a hero					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent hero=Recipient
2	promise speech: promise	present	a hero	a villain					vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent villain=Theme
3	help	to-infinitive	a hero not said here						vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	steal	infinitive	a hero not said here	a treasure					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location treasure=Theme
5	keep	present	a cartoon not said here	the promise					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Theme
6	is in a quote	present	promises					sacred property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

The hero should have stolen two treasures

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 hero	det
2	hero	hero	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stolen	nsubj:pass
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 stolen	aux
4	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 stolen	aux
5	stolen	steal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 treasures	nummod
7	treasures	treasure	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 stolen	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	steal	should · perfect · passive		the hero					vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary treasure=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Nothing; promises must be kept, whatever they are

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 promises	compound
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	promises	promise	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 kept	nsubj:pass
4	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 kept	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 kept	aux:pass
6	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 whatever	punct
8	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 kept	obl:agent
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 whatever	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 whatever	cop

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	must · passive	whatever	Nothing promises					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	is a	present	promises = promise	whatever					tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A promise to do something wrong does not bind you

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 promise	det
2	promise	promise	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bind	nsubj
3	to	to	PART	_	4 do	mark
4	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 promise	acl
5	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 do	obj
6	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 something	amod
7	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 bind	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 bind	advmod
9	bind	bind	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 bind	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	to-infinitive	a promise not said here	something					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
2	not bind	present · do-support	a promise	you					vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient

Option 4

Heroes never make promises in cartoons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Heroes	hero	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 make	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 make	advmod
3	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	promises	promise	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 make	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 cartoons	case
6	cartoons	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 make	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not make	present	Heroes	promises		cartoons			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset promise=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/86-keeping-promises/t9/