Test 11 · Vows, oaths and promises in faith

What would happen if witnesses in court didn't have to tell the truth?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: witnesses · What happens: happen, not have, tell · To what, where: truth · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 of lesson 88 «Vows, oaths and promises in faith» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	10 have	mark
5	witnesses	witness	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 have	nsubj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 court	case
7	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 witnesses	nmod
8	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 have	aux
9	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 have	advmod
10	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 happen	advcl
11	to	to	PART	_	12 tell	mark
12	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 have	xcomp
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 truth	det
14	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 tell	obj
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	happen	would			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not have a condition, not said to happen	past · do-support	witnesses in court		tree rules
3	tell speech: assert	to-infinitive	witnesses in court not said here	the truth	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Only the lawyers would be affected

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 lawyers	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 lawyers	det
3	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 affected	nsubj:pass
4	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 affected	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 affected	aux:pass
6	affected	affect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	affect	would · passive		the lawyers					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer

Option 2

Trials would be quicker and fairer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Trials	trial	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 quicker	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 quicker	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 quicker	cop
4	quicker	quick	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 fairer	cc
6	fairer	fair	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 quicker	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	would	Trials					quick property	tree rules
2	be		Trials not said here						tree rules

Option 3

Nothing; judges always know the truth anyway

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 know	punct
3	judges	judge	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 know	nsubj
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 know	advmod
5	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Nothing	parataxis
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 truth	det
7	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 know	obj
8	anyway	anyway	ADV	_	5 know	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	present	judges	the truth				always, anyway property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer truth=Stimulus

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Innocent people could be punished and guilty people set free

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Innocent	innocent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 people	amod
2	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 punished	nsubj:pass
3	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 punished	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 punished	aux:pass
5	punished	punish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 set	cc
7	guilty	guilty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 people	amod
8	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 set	nsubj
9	set	set	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 punished	conj
10	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 set	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	punish	could · passive		Innocent people					vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	set	past	guilty people					free property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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