Exam question 1 · Owning up when it is hard

Which of the following most accurately characterises the permitting of an innocent person to suffer punishment for one's own fault?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: one · What happens: follow, characteris, permit, suffer, fault · To what, where: punishment

This is exam question 1 of lesson 91 «Owning up when it is hard» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 characterises	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 characterises	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 characterises	csubj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 characterises	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 permitting	det
9	permitting	permit	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 characterises	advcl
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 person	case
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 person	det
12	innocent	innocent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 person	amod
13	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 permitting	obl
14	to	to	PART	_	15 suffer	mark
15	suffer	suffer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 permitting	advcl
16	punishment	punishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 suffer	obj
17	for	for	ADP	_	21 fault	case
18	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 fault	nmod:poss
19	's	's	PART	_	18 one	case
20	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 fault	amod
21	fault	fault	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 suffer	obl
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present			accurately property	tree rules
3	permit	gerund			of a innocent person	vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer
4	suffer	to-infinitive		punishment	for one's own fault	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer punishment=Stimulus for fault=Attribute
5	fault		one			nom fault «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A form of loyalty to one's family

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 form	det
2	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 loyalty	case
4	loyalty	loyalty	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 form	nmod
5	to	to	ADP	_	8 family	case
6	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 family	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 one	case
8	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 form	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form			loyalty				to one's family	nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient to=obl

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

A grave injustice, constituting false witness by silence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 injustice	det
2	grave	grave	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 injustice	amod
3	injustice	injustice	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 constituting	punct
5	constituting	constitute	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 injustice	acl
6	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 witness	amod
7	witness	witness	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 constituting	obj
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 silence	case
9	silence	silence	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 constituting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	gerund	a grave injustice not said here	false witness				by silence	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme witness=Pivot

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

A matter of indifference provided that the innocent person is younger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 matter	det
2	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 provided	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 indifference	case
4	indifference	indifference	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 matter	nmod
5	provided	provide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 younger	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 person	det
8	innocent	innocent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 person	amod
9	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 younger	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 younger	cop
11	younger	young	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 provided	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	provide	past	a matter of indifference		vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition
2	is	present	the innocent person	young property	tree rules
3	matter		indifference		nom matter «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

Option 4

A commendable instance of discretion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 instance	det
2	commendable	commendable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 instance	amod
3	instance	instance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 discretion	case
5	discretion	discretion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 instance	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	instance			discretion					nom instance «event transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/91-owning-up-when-it-is-hard/e1/