Exam question 4 · Why cheating hurts the cheat

Given that a pupil observes a friend cheating in a minor test, ascertain the course of action most consistent with this lesson.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: pupil, friend, you · What happens: give, observe, cheat, ascertain · To what, where: friend, minor test, course

This is exam question 4 of lesson 94 «Why cheating hurts the cheat» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 observes	mark
2	that	that	SCONJ	_	5 observes	mark
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 pupil	det
4	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 observes	nsubj
5	observes	observe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 ascertain	advcl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 friend	det
7	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 observes	obj
8	cheating	cheat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 friend	acl
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 test	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 test	det
11	minor	minor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 test	amod
12	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cheating	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 ascertain	punct
14	ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 course	det
16	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 ascertain	obj
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 action	case
18	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 course	nmod
19	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	20 consistent	advmod
20	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 action	amod
21	with	with	ADP	_	23 lesson	case
22	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	23 lesson	det
23	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 consistent	obl
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	give	participle				vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	observe	present	a pupil	a friend		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent friend=Topic
3	cheat	gerund	a friend not said here		a minor test	vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the course of action		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The pupil ought first to speak to the friend and must not lie on the friend's behalf

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pupil	det
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 speak	nsubj
3	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 speak	aux
4	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	6 speak	advmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 speak	mark
6	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 friend	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 friend	det
9	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 speak	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 lie	cc
11	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 lie	aux
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 lie	advmod
13	lie	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 speak	conj
14	on	on	ADP	_	18 behalf	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 friend	det
16	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 behalf	nmod:poss
17	's	's	PART	_	16 friend	case
18	behalf	behalf	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 lie	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	ought	the pupil					to the friend; first property	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to friend=Co-Agent
2	not lie	must	the pupil not said here			the friend's behalf			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on behalf=Location

Option 2

The pupil ought to adopt the friend's answers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pupil	det
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 adopt	nsubj
3	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 adopt	aux
4	to	to	PART	_	5 adopt	mark
5	adopt	adopt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 friend	det
7	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 answers	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 friend	case
9	answers	answer	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 adopt	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	adopt	ought	the pupil	the friend's answers					vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme
2	answer		the friend						nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

The pupil ought to denounce the friend publicly forthwith

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pupil	det
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 denounce	nsubj
3	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 denounce	aux
4	to	to	PART	_	5 denounce	mark
5	denounce	denounce	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 friend	det
7	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 denounce	obj
8	publicly	publicly	ADV	_	9 forthwith	advmod
9	forthwith	forthwith	ADV	_	5 denounce	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denounce	ought	the pupil	the friend				forthwith property	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Theme

Option 4

The pupil ought to provide a false account if questioned

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pupil	det
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 provide	nsubj
3	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 provide	aux
4	to	to	PART	_	5 provide	mark
5	provide	provide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 account	det
7	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 account	amod
8	account	account	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 provide	obj
9	if	if	SCONJ	_	10 questioned	mark
10	questioned	question	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 provide	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	provide	ought	the pupil	a false account					vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition account=Theme
2	question speech: other a condition, not said to happen	participle	the pupil not said here						vn interrogate-37.1.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/94-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat/e4/