Exam question 4 · Honesty with money: too much change and the found wallet

Given that a person sells a bicycle with defective brakes, ascertain the conduct most consistent with this lesson.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: person · What happens: give, sell, ascertain · To what, where: bicycle, conduct

This is exam question 4 of lesson 95 «Honesty with money: too much change and the found wallet» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	that	that	SCONJ	_	5 sells	mark
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 person	det
4	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sells	nsubj
5	sells	sell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Given	advcl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 bicycle	det
7	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sells	obj
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 brakes	case
9	defective	defective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 brakes	amod
10	brakes	brake	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 bicycle	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 ascertain	punct
12	ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sells	conj
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 conduct	det
14	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 ascertain	obj
15	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	16 consistent	advmod
16	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 conduct	amod
17	with	with	ADP	_	19 lesson	case
18	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	19 lesson	det
19	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 consistent	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	give	participle				vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	sell	present	a person	a bicycle	with defective brakes	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bicycle=Theme
3	ascertain	present	a person not said here	the conduct		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conduct=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The reduction of the price without disclosure of the defect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 reduction	det
2	reduction	reduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 price	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 price	det
5	price	price	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reduction	nmod
6	without	without	ADP	_	7 disclosure	case
7	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 price	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 defect	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 defect	det
10	defect	defect	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 disclosure	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reduce			the price without disclosure of the defect					nom reduction «act transitive»: of=patient
2	disclose			the defect					nom disclosure «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The disclosure of the defect to the purchaser, whose safety depends upon it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 disclosure	det
2	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 depends	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 defect	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 defect	det
5	defect	defect	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 disclosure	nmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 purchaser	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 purchaser	det
8	purchaser	purchaser	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 defect	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 safety	punct
10	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	11 safety	nmod:poss
11	safety	safety	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 purchaser	conj
12	depends	depend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	upon	upon	ADP	_	14 it	case
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 depends	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	depend	present	the disclosure of the defect to the purchaser and the purchaser and safety's safety					upon safety	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	disclose			the defect to the purchaser and the purchaser and safety's safety					nom disclosure «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

The cosmetic repair of the brakes so as to conceal the defect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 repair	det
2	cosmetic	cosmetic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 repair	amod
3	repair	repair	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 conceal	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 brakes	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 brakes	det
6	brakes	brake	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 repair	nmod
7	so	so	ADV	_	10 conceal	advmod
8	as	as	SCONJ	_	10 conceal	mark
9	to	to	PART	_	10 conceal	mark
10	conceal	conceal	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 defect	det
12	defect	defect	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 conceal	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conceal	to-infinitive	the cosmetic repair of the brakes	the defect					vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent defect=Patient
2	repair			the brakes					nom repair «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

The concealment of the defect, the purchaser being responsible for inspection

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 concealment	det
2	concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 responsible	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 defect	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 defect	det
5	defect	defect	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 concealment	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 purchaser	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 purchaser	det
8	purchaser	purchaser	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 concealment	conj
9	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 responsible	cop
10	responsible	responsible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 inspection	case
12	inspection	inspection	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 responsible	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	gerund	the concealment of the defect and the purchaser					for inspection; responsible property	tree rules
2	conceal			the defect					nom concealment «state transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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