Exam question 1 · The Sun, our star

Identify the process by which energy is generated within the core of the Sun.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, energy · What happens: identify, generate · To what, where: process

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1 «The Sun, our star» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 process	det
3	process	process	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 energy	case
5	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	6 energy	det
6	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 generated	obl
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 generated	aux:pass
8	generated	generate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Identify	parataxis
9	within	within	ADP	_	11 core	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 core	det
11	core	core	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 Sun.	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Sun.	det
14	Sun.	Sunday	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 core	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the process				within the core of the Sun.	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent process=Theme
2	generate	present · passive	which energy						vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Reflection of light received from other stars

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reflection	reflection	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 received	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 light	case
3	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Reflection	nmod
4	received	receive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 stars	case
6	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 stars	amod
7	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 received	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	receive	participle	Reflection of light			other stars			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from star=Source

Option 2

Combustion of gases in the presence of oxygen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Combustion	combustion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 gases	case
3	gases	gas	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Combustion	nmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 presence	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 presence	det
6	presence	presence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gases	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 oxygen	case
8	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 presence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	combust		gases in the presence of oxygen						nom combustion «process intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3

Gravitational friction between the planets

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gravitational	Gravitational	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 friction	compound
2	friction	friction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	between	between	ADP	_	5 planets	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 planets	det
5	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 friction	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nuclear	nuclear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 fusion	amod
2	fusion	fusion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 hydrogen	case
4	hydrogen	hydrogen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fusion	nmod
5	into	into	ADP	_	6 helium	case
6	helium	helium	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fusion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fuse		hydrogen			helium			nom fusion «event intransitive»: of=agent into=place

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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