Exam question 3 · The Sun, our star

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises sunspots?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: sunspots

This is exam question 3 of lesson 1 «The Sun, our star» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	sunspots	sunspot	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		sunspots				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Shadows cast upon the Sun by the passage of the planets

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shadows	shadow	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 cast	nsubj
2	cast	cast	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 Sun	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Sun	det
5	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 cast	obl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 passage	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 passage	det
8	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cast	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 planets	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 planets	det
11	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 passage	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cast	present	Shadows					upon the Sun; by the passage of the planets	vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent upon sun=Destination
2	pass		the planets						nom passage «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Comparatively cool regions in which strong magnetic fields inhibit rising gas

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Comparatively	comparatively	ADV	_	2 cool	advmod
2	cool	cool	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 regions	amod
3	regions	region	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 inhibit	obl
6	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 fields	amod
7	magnetic	magnetic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 fields	amod
8	fields	field	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 inhibit	nsubj
9	inhibit	inhibit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 regions	acl:relcl
10	rising	rise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 gas	amod
11	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 inhibit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inhibit	infinitive	strong magnetic fields	rising gas		cool regions			vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer gas=Eventuality
2	rise	gerund							vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Regions in which fusion has permanently ceased

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Regions	region	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 ceased	nsubj:pass
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 fusion	case
3	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	4 fusion	det
4	fusion	fusion	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Regions	nmod
5	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 ceased	aux
6	permanently	permanently	ADV	_	7 ceased	advmod
7	ceased	cease	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cease	present · perfect · passive		Regions in which fusion				permanently property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality

Option 4

Apertures through which the interior of the Sun may be observed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Apertures	aperture	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 observed	nsubj:pass
2	through	through	ADP	_	5 interior	case
3	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 interior	nsubj
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 interior	det
5	interior	interior	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Apertures	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 Sun	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Sun	det
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 interior	nmod
9	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 observed	aux
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 observed	aux:pass
11	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	observe	may · passive		Apertures through the interior of the Sun					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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