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Test 8 · The Sun, our star

My granddad says he saw the northern lights from England in 2024. Could that be true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: granddad, that · What happens: say, see, be · To what, where: northern lights, England · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 of lesson 1 «The Sun, our star» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: My granddad says he saw the northern lights from England in 2024.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 granddad	nmod:poss
2	granddad	granddad	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 saw	nsubj
5	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 lights	det
7	northern	northern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 lights	amod
8	lights	light	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 saw	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 England	case
10	England	England	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 lights	nmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 2024	case
12	2024	2024	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 saw	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	My granddad						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	see	past	granddad	the northern lights		England		in 2024	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer light=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Could that be true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 true	aux
2	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 true	nsubj
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	could	that					true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, but only because it was winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	8 winter	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 winter	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	8 winter	advmod
5	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	8 winter	case
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 winter	nsubj
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 winter	cop
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	it					because winter	tree rules

Option 2

No, aurorae happen only at the North Pole

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 happen	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 happen	punct
3	aurorae	aurorae	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 happen	nsubj
4	happen	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	4 happen	advmod
6	at	at	ADP	_	9 Pole	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Pole	det
8	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Pole	compound
9	Pole	Pole	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 happen	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present	aurorae			the North Pole			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at pole=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Yes, near solar maximum aurorae were seen much further south than usual

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	8 seen	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 seen	punct
3	near	near	ADP	_	8 seen	mark
4	solar	solar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 aurorae	amod
5	maximum	maximum	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 aurorae	amod
6	aurorae	aurorae	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 seen	nsubj:pass
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 seen	aux:pass
8	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	much	much	ADV	_	10 further	advmod
10	further	far	ADV	Degree=Cmp	11 south	advmod
11	south	south	ADV	_	8 seen	advmod
12	than	than	ADP	_	13 usual	case
13	usual	usual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 south	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	past · passive		solar maximum aurorae				south property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus

Option 4

No, aurorae are just a story from films

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	7 story	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	aurorae	aurorae	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 story	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 story	cop
5	just	just	ADV	_	7 story	advmod
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 story	det
7	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 films	case
9	films	film	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 story	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	aurorae	a story		films			tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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