Exam question 2 · Uranus and Neptune

State the method by which the existence and position of Neptune were first established in the year eighteen hundred and forty-six.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: State method · What happens: establish · To what, where: existence

This is exam question 2 of lesson 14 «Uranus and Neptune» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 method	compound
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 method	det
3	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 established	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 existence	det
7	existence	existence	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 established	nsubj:pass
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 position	cc
9	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 existence	conj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 Neptune	case
11	Neptune	Neptune	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 position	nmod
12	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 established	aux:pass
13	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	14 established	advmod
14	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 method	acl:relcl
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 year	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 year	det
17	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 established	obl
18	eighteen	eighteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	19 hundred	compound
19	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 established	obl
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 six	cc
21	forty	forty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	23 six	compound
22	-	-	PUNCT	_	21 forty	punct
23	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	19 hundred	conj
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 method	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	establish	past · passive	the State method	the existence and position of Neptune			year	eighteen hundred obl; first property	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Mathematical prediction from perturbations in the orbit of Uranus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mathematical	mathematical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 prediction	amod
2	prediction	prediction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 perturbations	case
4	perturbations	perturbation	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 prediction	nmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 orbit	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 orbit	det
7	orbit	orbit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 perturbations	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 Uranus	case
9	Uranus	Uranus	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 orbit	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Photography by a space probe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Photography	photography	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	by	by	ADP	_	5 probe	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 probe	det
4	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 probe	compound
5	probe	probe	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Photography	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

Observation with the unaided eye

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Observation	observation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	with	with	ADP	_	5 eye	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 eye	det
4	unaided	unaided	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 eye	amod
5	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Observation	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

Detection by radio transmission

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Detection	detection	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	by	by	ADP	_	4 transmission	case
3	radio	radio	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 transmission	compound
4	transmission	transmission	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Detection	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	detect		radio transmission						nom detection «cognition transitive»: by=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/14-uranus-and-neptune/e2/