Exam question 1 · Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets

Identify the principal reason for which Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in the year two thousand and six.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, reclassify · To what, where: principal reason, Pluto

This is exam question 1 of lesson 15 «Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 reclassified	obl
7	Pluto	Pluto	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 reclassified	nsubj
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 reclassified	aux:pass
9	reclassified	reclassify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
10	as	as	ADP	_	13 planet	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 planet	det
12	dwarf	dwarf	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 planet	amod
13	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 reclassified	obl
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 year	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 year	det
16	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 thousand	obl
17	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 thousand	compound
18	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 reclassified	obl
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 six	cc
20	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 thousand	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	reclassify	past · passive		Pluto				for the principal reason; as a dwarf planet goal; two thousand obl	vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Theme as planet=Goal

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It ceased to orbit the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 ceased	nsubj
2	ceased	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 orbit	mark
4	orbit	orbit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 ceased	xcomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Sun	det
6	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 orbit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cease	past	It						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	orbit	to-infinitive		the Sun					tree rules

Option 2

Its diameter was found to have diminished

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 diameter	nmod:poss
2	diameter	diameter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 found	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 found	aux:pass
4	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	7 diminished	mark
6	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 diminished	aux
7	diminished	diminish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 found	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past · passive		Its diameter					vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme
2	diminish	to-infinitive · perfect	Its diameter not said here						vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 3

It was found to be a satellite of Neptune

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 found	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 found	aux:pass
3	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	7 satellite	mark
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 satellite	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 satellite	det
7	satellite	satellite	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 found	xcomp
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 Neptune	case
9	Neptune	Neptune	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 satellite	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past · passive		It					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
2	is a	to-infinitive		a satellite				of Neptune	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It has not cleared its orbit of comparable bodies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 cleared	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cleared	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 cleared	advmod
4	cleared	clear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 orbit	nmod:poss
6	orbit	orbit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cleared	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 bodies	case
8	comparable	comparable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 bodies	amod
9	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 cleared	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not clear	present · perfect	It	its orbit				of comparable bodies	vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent orbit=Theme of body=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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