Exam question 4 · Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets

Ascertain the origin of the meteor shower designated the Perseids.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, origin · What happens: ascertain, designate · To what, where: Perseids

This is exam question 4 of lesson 15 «Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 origin	det
3	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 designated	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 shower	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 shower	det
6	meteor	meteor	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 shower	compound
7	shower	shower	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 origin	nmod
8	designated	designate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Ascertain	parataxis
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Perseids	det
10	Perseids	perseid	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 designated	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here						vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	designate	past	the origin of the meteor shower	the Perseids					vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent perseid=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The eruption of terrestrial volcanoes during the month of August

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 eruption	det
2	eruption	eruption	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 volcanoes	case
4	terrestrial	terrestrial	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 volcanoes	compound
5	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 eruption	nmod
6	during	during	ADP	_	8 month	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 month	det
8	month	month	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 volcanoes	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 August	case
10	August	August	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 month	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	erupt		terrestrial volcanoes during the month of August						nom eruption «event intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2

The collapse of distant stars within the constellation Perseus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 collapse	det
2	collapse	collapse	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 stars	case
4	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 stars	amod
5	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 collapse	nmod
6	within	within	ADP	_	8 constellation	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 constellation	det
8	constellation	constellation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 collapse	nmod
9	Perseus	Perseus	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 constellation	appos

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	collapse		distant stars					within the constellation	nom collapse «state intransitive»: of=agent within=obl

Option 3

The gradual fragmentation of the Moon under terrestrial tides

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 fragmentation	det
2	gradual	gradual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 fragmentation	amod
3	fragmentation	fragmentation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 Moon	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Moon	det
6	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 fragmentation	nmod
7	under	under	ADP	_	9 tides	case
8	terrestrial	terrestrial	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 tides	compound
9	tides	tide	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fragmentation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fragment			the Moon		terrestrial tides			nom fragmentation «act transitive»: of=patient under=place

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The passage of the Earth through dust shed by a comet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 passage	det
2	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 Earth	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Earth	det
5	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 passage	nmod
6	through	through	ADP	_	7 dust	case
7	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 passage	nmod
8	shed	shed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 passage	acl
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 comet	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 comet	det
11	comet	comet	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 shed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shed	participle		the passage of the Earth through dust not said here				by a comet	vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
2	pass		the Earth			dust			nom passage «act intransitive»: of=agent through=place

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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