Exam question 2 · Meteors, meteorites and shooting stars

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the nature of so-called shooting stars.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern, call · To what, where: response, nature, shooting stars · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 2 of lesson 16 «Meteors, meteorites and shooting stars» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 nature	det
13	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	19 stars	case
15	so	so	ADV	_	17 called	advmod
16	-	-	PUNCT	_	15 so	punct
17	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	19 stars	acl
18	shooting	shooting	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 stars	compound
19	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 nature	nmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the nature of shooting stars		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus nature=Experiencer
5	call	participle		shooting stars not said here		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They are stars descending towards the Earth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 stars	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 stars	cop
3	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	descending	descend	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 stars	acl
5	towards	towards	ADP	_	7 Earth	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Earth	det
7	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 descending	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	stars					tree rules
2	descend	gerund	stars not said here			the Earth			vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards earth=Location

Option 2

They are reflections of moonlight upon clouds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 reflections	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reflections	cop
3	reflections	reflection	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 moonlight	case
5	moonlight	moonlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reflections	nmod
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 clouds	case
7	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 reflections	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	reflections				of moonlight; upon clouds	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They are small particles of rock or dust incinerated in the atmosphere

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 particles	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 particles	cop
3	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 particles	amod
4	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 rock	case
6	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 particles	nmod
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 dust	cc
8	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rock	conj
9	incinerated	incinerate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 particles	acl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 atmosphere	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 atmosphere	det
12	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 incinerated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	small particles				of rock or dust	tree rules
2	incinerate	participle		small particles not said here		the atmosphere			vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 4

They are distant stars undergoing explosion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 stars	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 stars	cop
3	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 stars	amod
4	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	undergoing	undergo	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 stars	acl
6	explosion	explosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 undergoing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	distant stars					tree rules
2	undergo	gerund	distant stars not said here	explosion					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/16-meteors-meteorites-and-shooting-stars/e2/