Test 10 · Meteors, meteorites and shooting stars

Which is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: be

This is test 10 of lesson 16 «Meteors, meteorites and shooting stars» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Meteor Crater was made by a volcano, not by a meteorite

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Meteor	Meteor	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Crater	compound
2	Crater	Crater	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 volcano	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 volcano	det
7	volcano	volcano	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 meteorite	punct
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 meteorite	advmod
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 meteorite	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 meteorite	det
12	meteorite	meteorite	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past · passive	a volcano	Meteor Crater				by a meteorite	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Big impacts are rare, but they have happened

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 impacts	amod
2	impacts	impact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 rare	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 rare	cop
4	rare	rare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 happened	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 happened	cc
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 happened	nsubj
8	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 happened	aux
9	happened	happen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 rare	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Big impacts					rare property	tree rules
2	happen	present · perfect	impacts = impact						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Big impacts happen every week

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 impacts	amod
2	impacts	impact	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 happen	nsubj
3	happen	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	5 week	det
5	week	week	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 happen	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present	Big impacts				week		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Meteorites have never hit the Earth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Meteorites	meteorite	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hit	nsubj
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hit	aux
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 hit	advmod
4	hit	hit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Earth	det
6	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 hit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not hit	present	Meteorites	the Earth					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme earth=Co-Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/16-meteors-meteorites-and-shooting-stars/t10/