Exam question 1 · Stars: what they are

Identify the principal process by which energy is generated within the core of the Sun.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, principal process · What happens: identify, generate · To what, where: principal process, energy

This is exam question 1 of lesson 17 «Stars: what they are» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 process	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 process	amod
4	process	process	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 generated	obl
7	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 generated	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 generated	aux:pass
9	generated	generate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 process	acl:relcl
10	within	within	ADP	_	12 core	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 core	det
12	core	core	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 generated	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 Sun.	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Sun.	det
15	Sun.	Sunday	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 core	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal process					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent process=Theme
2	generate	present · passive	the principal process	energy				within the core of the Sun.	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The reflection of starlight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 reflection	det
2	reflection	reflection	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 starlight	case
4	starlight	starlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reflection	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

The eruption of volcanoes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 eruption	det
2	eruption	eruption	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 volcanoes	case
4	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 eruption	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	erupt		volcanoes						nom eruption «event intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The fusion of hydrogen nuclei to form helium

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fusion	det
2	fusion	fusion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 nuclei	case
4	hydrogen	hydrogen	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 nuclei	compound
5	nuclei	nucleus	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 fusion	nmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 form	mark
7	form	form	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 fusion	acl
8	helium	helium	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 form	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	to-infinitive		helium					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location helium=Theme
2	fuse		hydrogen nuclei						nom fusion «event intransitive»: of=agent

Option 4

The combustion of coal and other fuels in its core

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 combustion	det
2	combustion	combustion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 coal	case
4	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 combustion	nmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 fuels	cc
6	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 fuels	amod
7	fuels	fuel	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 combustion	conj
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 core	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 core	nmod:poss
10	core	core	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 combustion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	combust		coal			coal's core			nom combustion «process intransitive»: of=agent in=place

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/17-stars-what-they-are/e1/