Test 1 · ★ · Stars: what they are

My little sister says the Sun isn't a star cos stars are tiny and come out at night. what do you tell her

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: little sister, Sun, you · What happens: say, not be, come out, tell · To what, where: sister · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 17 «Stars: what they are» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 sister	nmod:poss
2	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 sister	amod
3	sister	sister	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Sun	det
6	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 tiny	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 tiny	cop
8	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 tiny	advmod
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 stars	det
10	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 cos	compound
11	cos	cos	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 stars	compound
12	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 tiny	nsubj
13	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 tiny	cop
14	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 says	ccomp
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 come	cc
16	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 tiny	conj
17	out	out	ADV	_	16 come	advmod
18	at	at	ADP	_	19 night	case
19	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 come	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct
21	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	24 tell	obj
22	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 tell	aux
23	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	24 tell	nsubj
24	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 says	ccomp
25	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 tell	iobj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	My little sister				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not is	present	the Sun			tiny property	tree rules
3	come out	present	the Sun not said here		night	out property	vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient
4	tell speech: assert	present · do-support	you	sister			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient what=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

She is right, the Sun is a planet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 planet	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Sun	det
6	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 planet	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 planet	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 planet	det
9	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 right	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	She					right property	tree rules
2	is a	present	the Sun	a planet					tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The Sun is a star; the others just look tiny because they are so far away

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 star	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 star	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 star	det
5	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 look	parataxis
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 star	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 others	det
8	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 look	nsubj
9	just	just	ADV	_	10 look	advmod
10	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 look	xcomp
12	because	because	SCONJ	_	17 away	mark
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 away	nsubj
14	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 away	cop
15	so	so	ADV	_	16 far	advmod
16	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	17 away	advmod
17	away	away	ADV	_	10 look	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the Sun	a star		tree rules
2	look	present	the others		tiny property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
3	is	present	others = other		away, far property	tree rules

Option 3

Stars only shine at night, so the Sun can't be one

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shine	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 shine	advmod
3	shine	shine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 night	case
5	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shine	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 one	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	13 one	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Sun	det
9	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 one	nsubj
10	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 one	aux
11	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 one	advmod
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 one	cop
13	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 shine	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shine	present	Stars				night		vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not is a	can	the Sun	one					tree rules

Option 4

The Sun is a star that is smaller than all the others

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 star	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 star	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 star	det
5	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 smaller	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 smaller	cop
8	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 star	amod
9	than	than	ADP	_	12 others	case
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 others	det:predet
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 others	det
12	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 smaller	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the Sun	a star					tree rules
2	is	present	that					than all others; small property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/17-stars-what-they-are/t1/