Test 1 · ★★ · How stars live
My cousin reckons bigger stars must live longer cos they've got more fuel. what's wrong with that?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cousin, bigger stars, stars · What happens: reckon, live, get, be · To what, where: more fuel
This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 18 «How stars live» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 cousin | nmod:poss |
| 2 | cousin | cousin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 reckons | nsubj |
| 3 | reckons | reckon | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 stars | amod |
| 5 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 live | nsubj |
| 6 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 live | aux |
| 7 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 reckons | ccomp |
| 8 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 7 live | advmod |
| 9 | cos | cos | SCONJ | _ | 12 got | mark |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 got | nsubj |
| 11 | 've | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 got | aux |
| 12 | got | get | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 live | advcl |
| 13 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 14 fuel | amod |
| 14 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 got | obj |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 reckons | punct |
| 16 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 18 wrong | nsubj |
| 17 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 wrong | cop |
| 18 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 reckons | parataxis |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 that | case |
| 20 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 wrong | obl |
| 21 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 reckons | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reckon | present | My cousin | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | live | must | bigger stars | long property | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | get | present · perfect | stars = star | more fuel | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fuel=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | is | present | with that; wrong property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
Stars do not use any fuel at all
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 use | nsubj |
| 2 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 use | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 use | advmod |
| 4 | use | use | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 fuel | det |
| 6 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 use | obj |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 all | case |
| 8 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 use | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not use | present · do-support | Stars | any fuel | all | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fuel=Patient |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
Nothing, the biggest stars live longest because they have more fuel
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 6 live | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Nothing | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 stars | det |
| 4 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 stars | amod |
| 5 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 live | nsubj |
| 6 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | longest | long | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 6 live | obj |
| 8 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 10 have | mark |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 have | nsubj |
| 10 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 live | advcl |
| 11 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 12 fuel | amod |
| 12 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 have | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Nothing | longest | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme long=Location | ||||
| 2 | have | present | stars = star | more fuel | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fuel=Patient |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Big stars burn their fuel so fast they die much sooner
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 stars | amod |
| 2 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 burn | nsubj |
| 3 | burn | burn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 fuel | nmod:poss |
| 5 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 burn | obj |
| 6 | so | so | ADV | _ | 7 fast | advmod |
| 7 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 burn | advmod |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 die | nsubj |
| 9 | die | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 burn | parataxis |
| 10 | much | much | ADV | _ | 11 sooner | advmod |
| 11 | sooner | soon | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 9 die | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | burn | present | Big stars | stars's fuel | fast property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent fuel=Theme | |||
| 2 | die | present | stars = star | soon property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
Option 4
Big stars have less fuel than small ones
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 stars | amod |
| 2 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 fuel | amod |
| 5 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 have | obj |
| 6 | than | than | ADP | _ | 8 ones | case |
| 7 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 ones | amod |
| 8 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fuel | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Big stars | less fuel | than small ones | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fuel=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/18-how-stars-live/t1/