Test 7 · ★★ · How stars live

Why are the stars of the Pleiades close together in the sky?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: stars · What happens: be, close · To what, where: stars

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 18 «How stars live» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 close	advmod
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 stars	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 stars	det
4	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 close	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 Pleiades	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Pleiades	det
7	Pleiades	Pleiade	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 stars	nmod
8	close	close	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	together	together	ADV	_	8 close	advmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 sky	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 sky	det
12	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 close	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 close	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		the stars				of the Pleiades	tree rules
2	close	present	the stars					in the sky; together property	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent in sky=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They are the bright leftovers of a big comet that broke up near the Sun

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 leftovers	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 leftovers	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 leftovers	det
4	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 leftovers	amod
5	leftovers	leftover	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 comet	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 comet	det
8	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 comet	amod
9	comet	comet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 leftovers	nmod
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 broke	nsubj
11	broke	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 comet	acl:relcl
12	up	up	ADP	_	11 broke	compound:prt
13	near	near	ADP	_	15 Sun	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Sun	det
15	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 broke	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	the bright leftovers				of a big comet	tree rules
2	break up	past	a big comet			the Sun			vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They were born from the same cloud and stay together for a while

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 born	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 born	aux:pass
3	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	7 cloud	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cloud	det
6	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cloud	amod
7	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 born	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 stay	cc
9	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 born	conj
10	together	together	ADV	_	9 stay	advmod
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 while	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 while	det
13	while	while	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 stay	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	past · passive		They		the same cloud			vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	stay together	infinitive					while	together property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

They were pushed together into one small group by the pull of Jupiter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 pushed	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 pushed	aux:pass
3	pushed	push	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	together	together	ADV	_	3 pushed	advmod
5	into	into	ADP	_	8 group	case
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 group	nummod
7	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 group	amod
8	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushed	obl
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 pull	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 pull	det
11	pull	pull	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushed	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 Jupiter	case
13	Jupiter	Jupiter	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 pull	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push together	past · passive	the pull of Jupiter	They		one small group		together property	vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme into group=Destination
2	pull			Jupiter					nom pull «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

They are all the same star seen many times over because its light bends

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 star	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 star	cop
3	all	all	ADV	_	6 star	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 star	det
5	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 star	amod
6	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 star	acl
8	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 times	amod
9	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 seen	obl:unmarked
10	over	over	ADV	_	7 seen	advmod
11	because	because	SCONJ	_	14 bends	mark
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 light	nmod:poss
13	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 bends	nsubj
14	bends	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 seen	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	the same star		all property	tree rules
2	see over	participle		the same star not said here	time	over property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	bend	present	star's light				vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	light		star				nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/18-how-stars-live/t7/