Exam question 2 · How the Solar System was born

State the principal reason for which the outer planets attained a considerably greater size than the inner planets.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: outer planets · What happens: attain · To what, where: greater size

This is exam question 2 of lesson 2 «How the Solar System was born» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	compound
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 attained	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 planets	det
8	outer	outer	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 planets	amod
9	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 attained	nsubj
10	attained	attain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 size	det
12	considerably	considerably	ADV	_	13 greater	advmod
13	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	14 size	amod
14	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 attained	obj
15	than	than	ADP	_	18 planets	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 planets	det
17	inner	inner	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 planets	amod
18	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 attained	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 reason	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attain	past	the outer planets	a greater size				for the State principal reason; than the inner planets	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent size=Theme for which=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The outer planets were subject to a weaker solar wind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 planets	det
2	outer	outer	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 planets	amod
3	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 subject	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 subject	cop
5	subject	subject	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	10 wind	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 wind	det
8	weaker	weak	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 wind	amod
9	solar	solar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 wind	amod
10	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 subject	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the outer planets					to a weaker solar wind; subject property	tree rules

Option 2

The outer planets consumed the inner planets' atmospheres

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 planets	det
2	outer	outer	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 planets	amod
3	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consumed	nsubj
4	consumed	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 planets	det
6	inner	inner	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 planets	amod
7	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 atmospheres	nmod:poss
8	'	's	PART	_	7 planets	case
9	atmospheres	atmosphere	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consumed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	past	the outer planets	the inner planets's atmospheres					vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent atmosphere=Asset

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Beyond the frost line ices were able to condense in addition to rock

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Beyond	beyond	ADP	_	7 able	mark
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ices	det
3	frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 line	compound
4	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ices	compound
5	ices	ice	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 able	nsubj
6	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 able	cop
7	able	able	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	to	to	PART	_	9 condense	mark
9	condense	condense	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 able	xcomp
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 addition	case
11	addition	addition	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 condense	obl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 rock	mark
13	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 condense	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the line ices					able property	tree rules
2	condense	to-infinitive	the line ices not said here	rock		addition			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

The outer planets were formed considerably earlier in time than the inner

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 planets	det
2	outer	outer	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 planets	amod
3	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 formed	nsubj:pass
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 formed	aux:pass
5	formed	form	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	considerably	considerably	ADV	_	7 earlier	advmod
7	earlier	early	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 formed	advmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 time	case
9	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 formed	obl
10	than	than	ADP	_	12 inner	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 inner	det
12	inner	inner	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 formed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	past · passive		the outer planets			time	than the inner; early property	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/2-how-the-solar-system-was-born/e2/