Exam question 4 · How the Solar System was born

Ascertain the means by which the age of the Solar System has been determined.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, the · What happens: ascertain, mean, determine · To what, where: age · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 4 of lesson 2 «How the Solar System was born» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Ascertain	ccomp
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 determined	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 age	det
7	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 determined	nsubj:pass
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 System	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 System	det
10	Solar	Solar	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 System	compound
11	System	System	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 age	nmod
12	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 determined	aux
13	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	14 determined	aux:pass
14	determined	determine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 means	ccomp
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here		vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	mean	present	the		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	determine	present · perfect · passive		the age of the Solar System	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Radioactive dating of the oldest solid components of meteorites

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Radioactive	radioactive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 dating	amod
2	dating	dating	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	7 components	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 components	det
5	oldest	old	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 components	amod
6	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 components	amod
7	components	component	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dating	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 meteorites	case
9	meteorites	meteorite	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 components	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	date			the oldest solid components of meteorites					nom dating «act transitive»: of=patient
2	compose			meteorites					nom component «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

Measurement of the present temperature of the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Measurement	measurement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 temperature	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 temperature	det
4	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 temperature	amod
5	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Measurement	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 Sun	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Sun	det
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 temperature	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	measure			the present temperature of the Sun					nom measurement «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

Enumeration of the craters upon the Earth's surface and the Moon's

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Enumeration	enumeration	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 craters	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 craters	det
4	craters	crater	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Enumeration	nmod
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 surface	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Earth	det
7	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 surface	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 Earth	case
9	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 craters	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 Moon	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Moon	det
12	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 surface	nmod
13	's	's	PART	_	12 Moon	case

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enumerate			the craters upon the Earth's surface 's the Moon					nom enumeration «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

Calculation from the number of known planets

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Calculation	calculation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	from	from	ADP	_	4 number	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 number	det
4	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Calculation	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 planets	case
6	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 planets	amod
7	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 number	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	participle							vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/2-how-the-solar-system-was-born/e4/