Test 3 · ★ · How the Solar System was born

A bicycle pump gets warm when you squeeze air into it. What does this help explain?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: bicycle pump, you, help · What happens: get, squeeze, explain · To what, where: air, pump

This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 2 «How the Solar System was born» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A bicycle pump gets warm when you squeeze air into it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 pump	det
2	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pump	compound
3	pump	pump	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 gets	nsubj
4	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 gets	xcomp
6	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 squeeze	advmod
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 squeeze	nsubj
8	squeeze	squeeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 gets	advcl
9	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 squeeze	obj
10	into	into	ADP	_	11 it	case
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 squeeze	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 gets	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	present	a bicycle pump					warm property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
2	squeeze	present	you	air		pump			vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent air=Material into it=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does this help explain?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 explain	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 explain	aux
3	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 help	det
4	help	help	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 explain	nsubj
5	explain	explain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 explain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	present · do-support	this help						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

How squeezing gas in the cloud's centre made it hot enough to start the Sun

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	2 squeezing	advmod
2	squeezing	squeeze	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 made	csubj
3	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 squeezing	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	8 centre	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 cloud	det
6	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 centre	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 cloud	case
8	centre	centre	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 squeezing	obl
9	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 made	obj
11	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 made	xcomp
12	enough	enough	ADV	_	11 hot	advmod
13	to	to	PART	_	14 start	mark
14	start	start	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 made	advcl
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 Sun	det
16	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 start	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	squeeze	gerund		gas	the cloud's centre		vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent gas=Theme in centre=Trajectory
2	make	past	squeezing	gas		hot property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product
3	start	to-infinitive	squeezing not said here	the Sun			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Eventuality

Option 2

Why the planets spin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 spin	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 planets	det
3	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 spin	nsubj
4	spin	spin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spin	present	the planets						vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Why Jupiter is striped

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	Jupiter	Jupiter	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 striped	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 striped	aux:pass
4	striped	stripe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Why	advcl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stripe	present · passive		Jupiter					tree rules

Option 4

Why the Moon has craters

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 has	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Moon	det
3	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 has	nsubj
4	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	craters	crater	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the Moon	craters					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crater=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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