Exam question 1 · Distances and light years

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the unit designated the light year?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: unit · What happens: follow, characteris, designate

This is exam question 1 of lesson 22 «Distances and light years» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 unit	det
10	unit	unit	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 designated	nsubj
11	designated	designate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 characterises	ccomp
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 year	det
13	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 year	compound
14	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 designated	obl:unmarked
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present			of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	designate	past	the unit	year		vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is a unit of brightness for stars

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 unit	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 unit	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 unit	det
4	unit	unit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 brightness	case
6	brightness	brightness	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 unit	nmod
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 stars	case
8	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 unit	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a unit				of brightness; for stars	tree rules

Option 2

It is a unit of speed equal to that of light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 unit	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 unit	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 unit	det
4	unit	unit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 speed	case
6	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 unit	nmod
7	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 unit	amod
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 that	case
9	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 equal	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 light	case
11	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 that	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a unit				of speed	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is a unit of distance equal to about 9.5 trillion kilometres

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 unit	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 unit	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 unit	det
4	unit	unit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 distance	case
6	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 unit	nmod
7	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 distance	amod
8	to	to	ADP	_	12 kilometres	case
9	about	about	ADV	_	11 trillion	advmod
10	9.5	9.5	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 trillion	compound
11	trillion	trillion	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 kilometres	nummod
12	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 equal	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a unit				of distance	tree rules

Option 4

It is a unit of time equal to one Earth year, used for star travel

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 unit	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 unit	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 unit	det
4	unit	unit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 time	case
6	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 unit	nmod
7	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 time	amod
8	to	to	ADP	_	11 year	case
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 year	nummod
10	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 year	compound
11	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 equal	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 used	punct
13	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 unit	acl:relcl
14	for	for	ADP	_	16 travel	case
15	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 travel	compound
16	travel	travel	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 used	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a unit			time		tree rules
2	use	participle		a unit not said here				for star travel	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/22-distances-and-light-years/e1/