Test 11 · The Milky Way

Why did people before Galileo not know the Milky Way was made of stars?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: people · What happens: not know, make · To what, where: Milky Way · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 of lesson 23 «The Milky Way» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 know	advmod
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 know	aux
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 know	nsubj
4	before	before	ADP	_	5 Galileo	case
5	Galileo	Galileo	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 people	nmod
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 know	advmod
7	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Way	det
9	Milky	milky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 Way	amod
10	Way	Way	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 made	nsubj:pass
11	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 made	aux:pass
12	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 know	ccomp
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 stars	case
14	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 made	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 know	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not know	past · do-support	people before Galileo						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	make	past · passive		the Milky Way				of stars	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They thought the faint stars were only planets, not far-off suns

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 thought	nsubj
2	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 stars	det
4	faint	faint	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 stars	amod
5	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 planets	nsubj
6	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 planets	cop
7	only	only	ADV	_	8 planets	advmod
8	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 thought	ccomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 suns	punct
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 suns	advmod
11	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	14 suns	advmod
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 far	punct
13	off	off	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 suns	compound
14	suns	sun	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 planets	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	past	They						vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	past	the faint stars	planets and off suns					tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The stars are too faint to see one by one without a telescope

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 stars	det
2	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 faint	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 faint	cop
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 faint	advmod
5	faint	faint	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 see	mark
7	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 faint	advcl
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 see	obj
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 one	case
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 one	nmod
11	without	without	ADP	_	13 telescope	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 telescope	det
13	telescope	telescope	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 see	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the stars					faint property	tree rules
2	see	to-infinitive	the stars not said here	one				by one; without a telescope	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus

Option 3

The stars were not there before 1610

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 stars	det
2	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 there	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 there	cop
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 there	advmod
5	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	root	root
6	before	before	ADP	_	7 1610	case
7	1610	1610	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 there	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	past	the stars				before 1610	there property	tree rules

Option 4

Nobody ever looked up at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 looked	nsubj
2	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	3 looked	advmod
3	looked	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 looked	compound:prt
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 night	case
6	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 looked	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look up	past	Nobody				ever; night		vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/23-the-milky-way/t11/