Exam question 4 · Galaxies and the Big Bang

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the motion of distant galaxies.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts, distant galaxies · What happens: select, be, establish, concern, motion · To what, where: response, motion

This is exam question 4 of lesson 24 «Galaxies and the Big Bang» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 motion	det
13	motion	motion	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 galaxies	case
15	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 galaxies	amod
16	galaxies	galaxy	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 motion	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the motion of distant galaxies		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus motion=Experiencer
5	motion		distant galaxies			nom motion «communication intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

The more distant a galaxy, the faster it recedes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 distant	det
2	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 distant	advmod
3	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 galaxy	amod
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 galaxy	det
5	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 faster	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 faster	det
8	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 galaxy	amod
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 recedes	nsubj
10	recedes	recede	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 faster	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	recede	present	galaxy						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

All galaxies approach the Milky Way

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 galaxies	det
2	galaxies	galaxy	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 approach	nsubj
3	approach	approach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Way	det
5	Milky	milky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 Way	amod
6	Way	Way	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 approach	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	approach	present	all galaxies	the Milky Way					vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme

Option 3

All galaxies are at rest relative to one another

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 galaxies	det
2	galaxies	galaxy	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 relative	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 relative	cop
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 relative	case
5	rest	rest	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 relative	compound
6	relative	relative	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 one	case
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 relative	appos
9	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	8 one	fixed

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	all galaxies			rest relative			tree rules

Option 4

The nearer a galaxy, the faster it recedes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 nearer	det
2	nearer	near	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 galaxy	det
4	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 nearer	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 faster	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 faster	det
7	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 nearer	conj
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 recedes	nsubj
9	recedes	recede	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 nearer	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	recede	present	galaxy						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/e4/