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Test 1 · ★ · Galaxies and the Big Bang

Sam says "the Big Bang was a massive explosion in one spot in empty space". What is right?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Sam, Big Bang · What happens: say, be · To what, where: massive explosion, one spot · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 24 «Galaxies and the Big Bang» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Sam says "the Big Bang was a massive explosion in one spot in empty space".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 explosion	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Bang	det
5	Big	Big	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 Bang	compound
6	Bang	Bang	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 explosion	nsubj
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 explosion	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 explosion	det
9	massive	massive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 explosion	amod
10	explosion	explosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 says	ccomp
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 spot	case
12	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 spot	nummod
13	spot	spot	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 explosion	nmod
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 space	case
15	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 space	amod
16	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 spot	nmod
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 explosion	punct
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Sam						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a in a quote	past	the Big Bang	a massive explosion		one spot in empty space			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

It was two galaxies crashing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 galaxies	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 galaxies	cop
3	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 galaxies	nummod
4	galaxies	galaxy	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	crashing	crash	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 galaxies	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	two galaxies					tree rules
2	crash	gerund	two galaxies not said here						vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It was all of space stretching at once, everywhere

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 stretching	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 stretching	aux
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 stretching	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 space	case
5	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 all	nmod
6	stretching	stretch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 once	case
8	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	6 stretching	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 everywhere	punct
10	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 stretching	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stretch	past · progressive	It					everywhere property	vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

It was the Sun exploding and throwing out all the planets

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 exploding	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 exploding	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Sun	det
4	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 exploding	nsubj
5	exploding	explode	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 throwing	cc
7	throwing	throw	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 exploding	conj
8	out	out	ADP	_	7 throwing	compound:prt
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 planets	det:predet
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 planets	det
11	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 throwing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	explode	past · progressive	It						vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	throw out	gerund		all planets					vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent planet=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

He is right, it was one bomb in the middle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 bomb	punct
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 bomb	nsubj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 bomb	cop
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 bomb	nummod
8	bomb	bomb	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 right	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 middle	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 middle	det
11	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bomb	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	is a	past	it	one bomb		the middle			tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/t1/