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Test 2 · ★★ · Black holes

A film shows a black hole as a bright glowing ball. What is wrong?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: film · What happens: show, glow, be · To what, where: black hole

This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 25 «Black holes» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A film shows a black hole as a bright glowing ball.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 film	det
2	film	film	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	nsubj
3	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 hole	det
5	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 hole	amod
6	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obj
7	as	as	ADP	_	11 ball	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 ball	det
9	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 ball	amod
10	glowing	glow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 ball	amod
11	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hole	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	a film	a black hole				as a bright glowing ball	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent hole=Recipient
2	glow	gerund							vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Nothing, black holes shine more brightly than any star does

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	11 does	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 shine	punct
3	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 holes	amod
4	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 shine	nsubj
5	shine	shine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Nothing	parataxis
6	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 brightly	advmod
7	brightly	brightly	ADV	_	5 shine	advmod
8	than	than	ADP	_	10 star	case
9	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 star	det
10	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 brightly	obl
11	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shine	present	black holes					brightly property	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	do	present	Nothing						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Black holes are always bright purple, not white or yellow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 holes	amod
2	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 purple	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 purple	cop
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 purple	advmod
5	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 purple	amod
6	purple	purple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 white	punct
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 white	advmod
9	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 purple	conj
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 yellow	cc
11	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 purple	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Black holes					always, purple property	tree rules
2	not be		Black holes not said here						tree rules
3	be		Black holes not said here						tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Light cannot escape it, so the hole itself is dark

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 escape	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 escape	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 escape	advmod
4	escape	escape	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 escape	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 dark	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	12 dark	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 hole	det
9	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 dark	nsubj
10	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes	9 hole	nmod:unmarked
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 dark	cop
12	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 escape	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not escape	can	Light	it					vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Initial_Location
2	is	present	the hole hole					dark property	tree rules

Option 4

Black holes are far too small to show up on a big screen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 holes	amod
2	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 small	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 small	cop
4	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 small	advmod
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 small	advmod
6	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 show	mark
8	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 small	advcl
9	up	up	ADP	_	8 show	compound:prt
10	on	on	ADP	_	13 screen	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 screen	det
12	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 screen	amod
13	screen	screen	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 show	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Black holes					far, small property	tree rules
2	show up	to-infinitive	Black holes not said here			a big screen			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on screen=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/25-black-holes/t2/