Test 9 · ★ · Exoplanets and the search for life

Your friend thinks all the exoplanets were found by spacecraft flying to them. What is right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: friend, spacecraft · What happens: think, find, fly, be · To what, where: exoplanets · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 26 «Exoplanets and the search for life» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your friend thinks all the exoplanets were found by spacecraft flying to them.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 friend	nmod:poss
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 thinks	nsubj
3	thinks	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 exoplanets	det:predet
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 exoplanets	det
6	exoplanets	exoplanet	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 found	nsubj:pass
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 found	aux:pass
8	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 thinks	ccomp
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 spacecraft	case
10	spacecraft	spacecraft	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 found	obl
11	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 spacecraft	acl
12	to	to	ADP	_	13 them	case
13	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 flying	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 thinks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	present	Your friend				vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	find	past · passive		all exoplanets		by spacecraft	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
3	fly	gerund	spacecraft not said here		exoplanets = exoplanet		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to they=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Astronauts saw them through windows

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Astronauts	astronaut	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 saw	nsubj
2	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 saw	obj
4	through	through	ADP	_	5 windows	case
5	windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 saw	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	past	Astronauts	them = they		windows			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Telescopes found them from afar, often by the dimming of stars

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Telescopes	telescope	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 found	nsubj
2	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 found	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 afar	case
5	afar	afar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 found	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 dimming	punct
7	often	often	ADV	_	10 dimming	advmod
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 dimming	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dimming	det
10	dimming	dimming	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 found	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 stars	case
12	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 dimming	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past	Telescopes	them = they		afar		by the dimming of stars	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent they=Theme from afar=Source

Option 3

Yes, rockets have flown to every one of them and sent back photos

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 flown	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	rockets	rocket	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 flown	nsubj:pass
4	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 flown	aux
5	flown	fly	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 one	case
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 one	det
8	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 flown	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 them	case
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 one	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 sent	cc
12	sent	send	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 flown	conj
13	back	back	ADV	_	12 sent	advmod
14	photos	photo	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 sent	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	present · perfect · passive		rockets	every one of them				vn drive-11.5-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to one=Destination
2	send back	past		photos					vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photo=Theme

Option 4

They were all found by one probe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 found	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 found	aux:pass
3	all	all	ADV	_	4 found	advmod
4	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 probe	case
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 probe	nummod
7	probe	probe	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 found	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past · passive	one probe	They				all property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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