Exam question 3 · Telescopes and light
Identify the discoveries made by Galileo by means of a telescope in 1609-1610.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, make, mean · To what, where: discoveries
This is exam question 3 of lesson 27 «Telescopes and light» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 discoveries | det |
| 3 | discoveries | discovery | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Identify | obj |
| 4 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 discoveries | acl |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 Galileo | case |
| 6 | Galileo | Galileo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 made | obl:agent |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 means | case |
| 8 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Identify | parataxis |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 telescope | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 telescope | det |
| 11 | telescope | telescope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 means | obl |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 1609-1610 | case |
| 13 | 1609-1610 | 1609-1610 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 telescope | nmod |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the discoveries | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent discovery=Theme | ||||
| 2 | make | participle | the discoveries not said here | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||||
| 3 | mean | present | of a telescope in 1609-1610 | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Four moons of Jupiter, lunar mountains and the phases of Venus
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 moons | nummod |
| 2 | moons | moon | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Jupiter | case |
| 4 | Jupiter | Jupiter | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 moons | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 mountains | punct |
| 6 | lunar | lunar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 mountains | amod |
| 7 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 moons | conj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 phases | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 phases | det |
| 10 | phases | phase | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 moons | conj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Venus | case |
| 12 | Venus | Venus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 phases | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
The first exoplanet and a black hole
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 exoplanet | det |
| 2 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 exoplanet | amod |
| 3 | exoplanet | exoplanet | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 hole | cc |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 hole | det |
| 6 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 hole | amod |
| 7 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 exoplanet | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
The planets Uranus and Neptune
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 planets | det |
| 2 | planets | planet | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | Uranus | Uranus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 planets | appos |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 Neptune | cc |
| 5 | Neptune | Neptune | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Uranus | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
The rings of Saturn and the Andromeda Galaxy
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 rings | det |
| 2 | rings | ring | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Saturn | case |
| 4 | Saturn | Saturn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 rings | nmod |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 Galaxy | cc |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Galaxy | det |
| 7 | Andromeda | Andromeda | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Galaxy | compound |
| 8 | Galaxy | Galaxy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Saturn | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/27-telescopes-and-light/e3/