Test 11 · The history of space exploration

Why are reusable rocket boosters a big deal?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: be · To what, where: reusable rocket boosters

This is test 11 of lesson 29 «The history of space exploration» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 boosters	advmod
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 boosters	cop
3	reusable	reusable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 boosters	amod
4	rocket	rocket	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 boosters	compound
5	boosters	booster	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 deal	det
7	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 deal	amod
8	deal	deal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 boosters	appos
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 boosters	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		reusable rocket boosters					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They make rockets fast enough to fly to other stars

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	rockets	rocket	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	obj
4	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 make	advmod
5	enough	enough	ADV	_	4 fast	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 fly	mark
7	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 make	advcl
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 stars	case
9	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 stars	amod
10	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fly	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	They	rockets				fast property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rocket=Product
2	fly	to-infinitive	They not said here					to other stars result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to star=Result

Option 2

They make the astronauts lighter so they can float

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 astronauts	det
4	astronauts	astronaut	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 lighter	nsubj
5	lighter	lighter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 make	xcomp
6	so	so	SCONJ	_	9 float	mark
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 float	nsubj
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 float	aux
9	float	float	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 make	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	make	present	They	tree rules
2	lighter	present	the astronauts	tree rules
3	float	can	astronauts = astronaut	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

They let rockets fly up without needing any fuel at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 let	nsubj
2	let	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	rockets	rocket	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 let	obj
4	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 let	xcomp
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 fly	compound:prt
6	without	without	SCONJ	_	7 needing	mark
7	needing	need	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 fly	advcl
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 fuel	det
9	fuel	fuel	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 needing	obj
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 all	case
11	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 needing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	let	past	They	rockets		tree rules
2	fly up	infinitive	rockets not said here			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	need	gerund	rockets not said here	any fuel	all	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot fuel=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Landing and reusing them saves building new ones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Landing	land	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 saves	csubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 reusing	cc
3	reusing	reuse	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Landing	conj
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 reusing	obj
5	saves	save	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	building	build	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 saves	xcomp
7	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 ones	amod
8	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 building	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	land	gerund			vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	reuse	gerund		them = they	vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Asset
3	save	present	Landing		tree rules
4	build	gerund	Landing not said here	new ones	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset one=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/29-the-history-of-space-exploration/t11/