Exam question 1 · Venus

State the principal reason for which the surface temperature of Venus exceeds that of Mercury.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: surface temperature · What happens: exceed · To what, where: Mercury

This is exam question 1 of lesson 4 «Venus» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	compound
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 exceeds	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 temperature	det
8	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 temperature	compound
9	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 exceeds	nsubj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 Venus	case
11	Venus	Venus	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 temperature	nmod
12	exceeds	exceed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
13	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	15 Mercury	nsubj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 Mercury	case
15	Mercury	Mercury	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 exceeds	obj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 reason	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exceed	present	the surface temperature of Venus	Mercury				for the State principal reason	vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot mercury=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is illuminated continuously on all sides

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 illuminated	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 illuminated	aux:pass
3	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	continuously	continuously	ADV	_	3 illuminated	advmod
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 sides	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 sides	det
7	sides	side	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 illuminated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	illuminate	present · passive		It		all sides		continuously property	vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination

Option 2

It is situated considerably nearer the Sun than Mercury

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 situated	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 situated	aux:pass
3	situated	situate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	considerably	considerably	ADV	_	5 nearer	advmod
5	nearer	near	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 situated	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Sun	det
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 situated	obl
8	than	than	ADP	_	9 Mercury	case
9	Mercury	Mercury	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 Sun	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	situate	present · passive		It				the Sun than Mercury obl; near property	vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme

Option 3

It possesses a hotter metallic core

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possesses	nsubj
2	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 core	det
4	hotter	hot	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 core	amod
5	metallic	metallic	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 core	compound
6	core	core	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 possesses	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	It	a hotter metallic core					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot core=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Its dense carbon dioxide atmosphere retains heat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 atmosphere	nmod:poss
2	dense	dense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 carbon	amod
3	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dioxide	compound
4	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 atmosphere	compound
5	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 retains	nsubj
6	retains	retain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 retains	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retain	present	Its dioxide atmosphere	heat					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/4-venus/e1/