Exam question 4 · Venus

Identify the conclusion drawn from studies published in 2023 and 2024 concerning the geology of Venus.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, draw, publish, concern · To what, where: conclusion, studies, geology

This is exam question 4 of lesson 4 «Venus» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 conclusion	det
3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 conclusion	acl
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 studies	case
6	studies	study	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 drawn	obl
7	published	publish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 studies	acl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 2023	case
9	2023	2023	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 drawn	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 2024	cc
11	2024	2024	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 2023	conj
12	concerning	concern	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 drawn	advcl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 geology	det
14	geology	geology	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 concerning	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 Venus	case
16	Venus	Venus	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 geology	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the conclusion		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent conclusion=Theme
2	draw	participle		the conclusion not said here	in 2023; from studies	vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from study=Co-Patient
3	publish	participle		studies not said here		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	concern	gerund		the geology of Venus		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus geology=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Its surface is covered by liquid water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 surface	nmod:poss
2	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 covered	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 covered	aux:pass
4	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 water	case
6	liquid	liquid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 water	amod
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 covered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	present · passive	liquid water	Its surface					vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Destination

Option 2

It possesses no volcanoes of any description

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possesses	nsubj
2	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 volcanoes	det
4	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possesses	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 description	case
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 description	det
7	description	description	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 volcanoes	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	It	no volcanoes of any description					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot volcano=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Certain volcanoes are probably presently active

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Certain	certain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 volcanoes	compound
2	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 active	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 active	cop
4	probably	probably	ADV	_	6 active	advmod
5	presently	presently	ADV	_	6 active	advmod
6	active	active	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Certain volcanoes					active, presently, probably property	tree rules

Option 4

All volcanic activity ceased billions of years ago

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 activity	det
2	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 activity	amod
3	activity	activity	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ceased	nsubj
4	ceased	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	billions	billion	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 ceased	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 years	case
7	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 billions	nmod
8	ago	ago	ADV	_	4 ceased	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cease	past	all volcanic activity	billions of years				ago property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality billion=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/4-venus/e4/