Test 11 · The Earth as a planet

2028 has a 29 February. Why don't we just have 365 days every year?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: 2028, we · What happens: have, not have

This is test 11 of lesson 5 «The Earth as a planet» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: 2028 has a 29 February.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	2028	2028	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 February	det
4	29	29	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 February	nummod
5	February	February	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	2028				february		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why don't we just have 365 days every year?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 have	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 have	advmod
4	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 have	nsubj
5	just	just	ADV	_	6 have	advmod
6	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	advcl:relcl
7	365	365	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 days	nummod
8	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 have	obj
9	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	10 year	det
10	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 have	obl:unmarked
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not have	present · do-support	we				day; year		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The Earth takes about 365 and a quarter days to orbit, so the extra quarters add up

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Earth	det
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 takes	nsubj
3	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	about	about	ADV	_	5 365	advmod
5	365	365	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 days	nummod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 quarter	cc
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 quarter	det
8	quarter	quarter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 365	conj
9	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 takes	obj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 orbit	mark
11	orbit	orbit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 takes	advcl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 add	punct
13	so	so	ADV	_	17 add	advmod
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 quarters	det
15	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 quarters	amod
16	quarters	quarter	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 add	nsubj
17	add	add	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 takes	conj
18	up	up	ADP	_	17 add	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	roles by
1	take	present	the Earth	day	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	orbit	to-infinitive	the Earth not said here		vn orbit-51.9.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme
3	add up speech: assert	present	the extra quarters		vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 2

29 February is a holiday that was added for fun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	29	29	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 February	nummod
2	February	February	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 holiday	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 holiday	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 holiday	det
5	holiday	holiday	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 added	nsubj:pass
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 added	aux:pass
8	added	add	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 holiday	acl:relcl
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 fun	case
10	fun	fun	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 added	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	29 February	a holiday					tree rules
2	add speech: assert	past · passive		a holiday				for fun	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 3

The Moon's phases need an extra day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Moon	det
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 phases	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 Moon	case
4	phases	phase	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 need	nsubj
5	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 day	det
7	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 day	amod
8	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 need	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	the Moon's phases				day		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot

Option 4

Leap days stop the Earth from tilting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leap	leap	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 days	compound
2	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stop	nsubj
3	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Earth	det
5	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 stop	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 tilting	case
7	tilting	tilting	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stop	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	Leap days		the Earth	tilting			vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer earth=Beneficiary from tilting=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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