Exam question 1 · Heating, water pipes and drains

Identify the principal reason for which a U-shaped bend is installed beneath a sink.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, shape, install · To what, where: principal reason, shaped bend, sink

This is exam question 1 of lesson 13 «Heating, water pipes and drains» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 installed	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 bend	det
8	U	U	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 shaped	compound
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 U	punct
10	shaped	shape	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 bend	amod
11	bend	bend	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 installed	nsubj:pass
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 installed	aux:pass
13	installed	install	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
14	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	16 sink	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 sink	det
16	sink	sink	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 installed	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	shape	participle					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
3	install	present · passive		a shaped bend	a sink	for the principal reason	vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme beneath sink=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It filters drinking water before use

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 filters	nsubj
2	filters	filter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	drinking	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 water	amod
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 filters	obj
5	before	before	ADP	_	6 use	case
6	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 filters	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	filter	present	It	drinking water			before use		vn wipe_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Agent water=Initial_Location
2	drink	gerund							vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It retains water which prevents the ingress of foul odours

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 retains	nsubj
2	retains	retain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 retains	obj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 prevents	nsubj
5	prevents	prevent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 water	acl:relcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ingress	det
7	ingress	ingress	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 prevents	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 odours	case
9	foul	foul	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 odours	amod
10	odours	odour	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 ingress	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retain	present	It	water					tree rules
2	prevent	present	water	the ingress of foul odours					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer ingress=Theme

Option 3

It heats water prior to its discharge

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 heats	nsubj
2	heats	heat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 heats	obj
4	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	7 discharge	case
5	to	to	ADP	_	4 prior	fixed
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 discharge	nmod:poss
7	discharge	discharge	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 heats	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	heat	present	It	water				prior water's discharge	vn cooking-45.3 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument water=Patient
2	discharge		water						nom discharge «event transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

It accelerates the drainage of waste water into the sewer below

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 accelerates	nsubj
2	accelerates	accelerate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 drainage	det
4	drainage	drainage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 accelerates	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 water	case
6	waste	waste	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 water	compound
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drainage	nmod
8	into	into	ADP	_	10 sewer	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 sewer	det
10	sewer	sewer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 accelerates	obl
11	below	below	ADV	_	10 sewer	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accelerate	present	It	the drainage of waste water		the sewer			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent drainage=Patient
2	drain		waste water						nom drainage «act intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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