Exam question 4 · Airports, the black box, helicopters and drones

Whereas a runway bears the numeral 27, determine the approximate compass direction in which it is aligned.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: determine, align · To what, where: approximate compass direction, direction

This is exam question 4 of lesson 23 «Airports, the black box, helicopters and drones» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	4 bears	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 bears	det
3	runway	runway	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bears	compound
4	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 determine	obl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 numeral	det
6	numeral	numeral	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bears	conj
7	27	27	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 numeral	flat
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 bears	punct
9	determine	determine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 direction	det
11	approximate	approximate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 direction	amod
12	compass	compass	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 direction	compound
13	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 determine	obj
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 which	case
15	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 aligned	obl
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 aligned	nsubj:pass
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 aligned	aux:pass
18	aligned	align	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 direction	acl:relcl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 determine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	imperative	you not said here	the approximate compass direction				whereas a runway bears and the numeral	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Topic
2	align	present · passive		direction		the approximate compass direction			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Approximately 27 degrees, that is to say towards the north-east

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Approximately	approximately	ADV	_	2 27	advmod
2	27	27	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 degrees	nummod
3	degrees	degree	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 say	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 degrees	punct
5	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 say	nsubj:outer
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 say	cop
7	to	to	PART	_	8 say	mark
8	say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	towards	towards	ADP	_	13 east	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 east	det
11	north	north	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 east	compound
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 north	punct
13	east	east	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 say	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	27 degrees					towards the north east; say property	tree rules

Option 2

It denotes the twenty-seventh runway constructed at the aerodrome

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 runway	det
4	twenty	twenty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 seventh	nummod
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 twenty	punct
6	seventh	seventh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 runway	amod
7	runway	runway	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obj
8	constructed	construct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 runway	acl
9	at	at	ADP	_	11 aerodrome	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 aerodrome	det
11	aerodrome	aerodrome	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 constructed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It	the seventh runway					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot runway=Topic
2	construct	participle		the seventh runway not said here		the aerodrome			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Approximately 270 degrees, that is to say towards the west

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Approximately	approximately	ADV	_	2 270	advmod
2	270	270	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 degrees	nummod
3	degrees	degree	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 say	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 degrees	punct
5	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 say	nsubj:outer
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 say	cop
7	to	to	PART	_	8 say	mark
8	say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	towards	towards	ADP	_	11 west	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 west	det
11	west	west	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 say	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	270 degrees					towards the west; say property	tree rules

Option 4

Approximately 90 degrees, that is to say towards the east

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Approximately	approximately	ADV	_	2 90	advmod
2	90	90	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 degrees	nummod
3	degrees	degree	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 say	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 degrees	punct
5	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 say	nsubj:outer
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 say	cop
7	to	to	PART	_	8 say	mark
8	say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	towards	towards	ADP	_	11 east	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 east	det
11	east	east	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 say	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	90 degrees					towards the east; say property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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