Test 1 · ★ · Roads and road signs

«my uncle says potholes are just from lorries being too heavy, nothing else» What is the best correction?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: uncle, potholes, best correction · What happens: say, be · To what, where: lorries · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 31 «Roads and road signs» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct
2	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 uncle	nmod:poss
3	uncle	uncle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	potholes	pothole	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 heavy	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 heavy	cop
7	just	just	ADV	_	12 heavy	advmod
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 lorries	case
9	lorries	lorry	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 heavy	obl
10	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 heavy	cop
11	too	too	ADV	_	12 heavy	advmod
12	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 says	ccomp
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 nothing	punct
14	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	12 heavy	conj
15	else	else	ADV	_	14 nothing	advmod
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 heavy	punct
17	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	12 heavy	parataxis
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 What	cop
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 correction	det
20	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	21 correction	amod
21	correction	correction	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 What	nsubj
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert in a quote	present	my uncle			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is in a quote	present	potholes	lorries	heavy property	tree rules
3	is a	present	the best correction			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Potholes are dug by animals at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Potholes	pothole	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dug	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dug	aux:pass
3	dug	dig	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 animals	case
5	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dug	obl:agent
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 night	case
7	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dug	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig	present · passive	animals	Potholes			night		vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 2

Potholes come from the Sun melting the road

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Potholes	pothole	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 come	nsubj
2	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 Sun	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Sun	det
5	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 come	obl
6	melting	melt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 come	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 road	det
8	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 melting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Potholes			the Sun			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from sun=Initial_Location
2	melt	gerund	Potholes not said here	the road					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient road=Result

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Lorries knock pieces out, but freezing water in cracks breaks the road first

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lorries	lorry	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 knock	nsubj
2	knock	knock	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	pieces	piece	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 knock	obj
4	out	out	ADP	_	2 knock	compound:prt
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 breaks	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	11 breaks	cc
7	freezing	freeze	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 breaks	csubj
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 freezing	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 cracks	case
10	cracks	crack	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 freezing	obl
11	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 knock	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 road	det
13	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 breaks	obj
14	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	11 breaks	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	knock out	present	Lorries	pieces			vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent piece=Patient
2	freeze	gerund		water	cracks		vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient water=Result
3	break	present	freezing	the road		first property	vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer road=Patient

Option 4

He is right, weather never matters

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 weather	punct
5	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 matters	obl
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 matters	advmod
7	matters	matter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	not matter	present	He not said here	weather					vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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