Exam question 4 · Batteries

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the operation of a wireless charger?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, operate · To what, where: operation, wireless charger

This is exam question 4 of lesson 34 «Batteries» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 operation	det
10	operation	operation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 charger	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 charger	det
13	wireless	wireless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 charger	amod
14	charger	charger	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 operation	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the operation of a wireless charger	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	operate		a wireless charger		nom operation «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Electricity is transmitted through the air in the form of visible sparks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 transmitted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 transmitted	aux:pass
3	transmitted	transmit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	through	through	ADP	_	6 air	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 air	det
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 transmitted	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 form	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 form	det
9	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 transmitted	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 sparks	case
11	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 sparks	amod
12	sparks	spark	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 form	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	transmit	present · passive		Electricity		the air		in the form of visible sparks	vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	form			visible sparks					nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

The device is charged by heat conducted from the pad

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 device	det
2	device	device	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 charged	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 charged	aux:pass
4	charged	charge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 heat	case
6	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 charged	obl
7	conducted	conduct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 heat	acl
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 pad	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 pad	det
10	pad	pad	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 conducted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	charge	present · passive	heat	the device					vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location subject=Theme
2	conduct	participle		heat not said here		the pad			vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent from pad=Destination

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

The device is charged by light emitted from the pad

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 device	det
2	device	device	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 charged	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 charged	aux:pass
4	charged	charge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 light	case
6	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 charged	obl
7	emitted	emit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 light	acl
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 pad	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 pad	det
10	pad	pad	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 emitted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	charge	present · passive	light	the device					vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location subject=Theme
2	emit	participle		light not said here		the pad			vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A coil in the pad produces a changing magnetic field which a coil in the device converts into electricity

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 coil	det
2	coil	coil	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 produces	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 pad	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 pad	det
5	pad	pad	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 coil	nmod
6	produces	produce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 field	det
8	changing	change	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 field	amod
9	magnetic	magnetic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 field	amod
10	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 produces	obj
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 converts	obj
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 coil	det
13	coil	coil	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 converts	nsubj
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 device	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 device	det
16	device	device	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 coil	nmod
17	converts	convert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 field	acl:relcl
18	into	into	ADP	_	19 electricity	case
19	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 converts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	produce	present	a coil in the pad	a changing magnetic field		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Result
2	change	gerund				vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	convert	present	a coil in the device	a changing magnetic field	into electricity result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent which=Patient into electricity=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/34-batteries/e4/