Exam question 2 · Satellites and GPS

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the method by which a telephone determines its position by GPS?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: telephone · What happens: follow, characteris, determine · To what, where: method, position

This is exam question 2 of lesson 38 «Satellites and GPS» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 method	det
10	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 which	case
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 determines	obl
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 telephone	det
14	telephone	telephone	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 determines	nsubj
15	determines	determine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 method	acl:relcl
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 position	nmod:poss
17	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 determines	obj
18	by	by	ADP	_	19 GPS	case
19	GPS	GPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 determines	obl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the method	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	determine	present	a telephone	telephone's position	by the method; by GPS	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent position=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It requests its position from the nearest telephone mast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 requests	nsubj
2	requests	request	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 position	nmod:poss
4	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requests	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	9 mast	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 mast	det
7	nearest	near	ADJ	Degree=Sup	9 mast	amod
8	telephone	telephone	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 mast	compound
9	mast	mast	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requests	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	request	present	It	its position		the nearest telephone mast			vn beg-58.2 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent position=Recipient

Option 2

It photographs the surrounding streets

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 photographs	nsubj
2	photographs	photograph	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 streets	det
4	surrounding	surrounding	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 streets	compound
5	streets	street	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 photographs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	photograph	present	It	the surrounding streets					vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent street=Theme

Option 3

It estimates its position from the prevailing weather

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 estimates	nsubj
2	estimates	estimate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 position	nmod:poss
4	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 estimates	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	8 weather	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 weather	det
7	prevailing	prevail	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 weather	amod
8	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 estimates	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	estimate	present	It	its position		the prevailing weather			vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent position=Value
2	prevail	gerund							vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It measures the time taken for signals from several satellites to arrive

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 measures	nsubj
2	measures	measure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 time	det
4	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 measures	obj
5	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 time	acl
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 signals	case
7	signals	signal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 taken	obl
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 satellites	case
9	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 satellites	amod
10	satellites	satellite	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 taken	obl
11	to	to	PART	_	12 arrive	mark
12	arrive	arrive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 measures	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	measure	present	It			time		vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
2	take	participle		the time not said here	several satellites		for signals	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent for signal=Asset from satellite=Source
3	arrive	to-infinitive						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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