Exam question 2 · Bottles, cans and recycling

Identify the principal reason for which a warm carbonated drink loses its effervescence more rapidly than a cold one.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, warm carbonated drink, drink · What happens: identify, carbonate, lose, effervesce · To what, where: principal reason, effervescence

This is exam question 2 of lesson 4 «Bottles, cans and recycling» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 loses	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 drink	det
8	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 drink	amod
9	carbonated	carbonate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 drink	amod
10	drink	drink	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 loses	nsubj
11	loses	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 effervescence	nmod:poss
13	effervescence	effervescence	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 loses	obj
14	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	15 rapidly	advmod
15	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	11 loses	advmod
16	than	than	ADP	_	19 one	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 one	det
18	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 one	amod
19	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 rapidly	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	carbonate	participle				tree rules
3	lose	present	a warm carbonated drink	drink's effervescence	for the principal reason; rapidly property	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effervescence=Eventuality
4	effervesce		drink			nom effervescence «process intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The container ceases to be sealed when warmed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 container	det
2	container	container	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ceases	nsubj
3	ceases	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	6 sealed	mark
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 sealed	aux:pass
6	sealed	seal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 ceases	xcomp
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 warmed	advmod
8	warmed	warm	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 sealed	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	cease	present	the container	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	seal	to-infinitive · passive	the container not said here	vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»
3	warm	participle	the container not said here	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

A warm liquid contains a greater quantity of sugar than a cold one

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 liquid	det
2	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 liquid	amod
3	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 contains	nsubj
4	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 quantity	det
6	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 quantity	amod
7	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 contains	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 sugar	case
9	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 quantity	nmod
10	than	than	ADP	_	13 one	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 one	det
12	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 one	amod
13	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 contains	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	present	a warm liquid	a greater quantity of sugar				than a cold one	vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot quantity=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A warm liquid retains less dissolved gas than a cold liquid

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 liquid	det
2	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 liquid	amod
3	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 retains	nsubj
4	retains	retain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 dissolved	advmod
6	dissolved	dissolve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 gas	amod
7	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 retains	obj
8	than	than	ADP	_	11 liquid	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 liquid	det
10	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 liquid	amod
11	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 retains	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retain	present	a warm liquid	dissolved gas				than a cold liquid	tree rules
2	dissolve	participle						less property	vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

Warmth converts the gas into water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 converts	nsubj
2	converts	convert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 gas	det
4	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 converts	obj
5	into	into	ADP	_	6 water	case
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 converts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	convert	present	Warmth	the gas				into water result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent gas=Patient into water=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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