Exam question 3 · Rivers, canals and boats: locks, weirs, water-mills, barge…

Ascertain the reason for which bathing in the vicinity of a weir is to be avoided.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, avoid · To what, where: reason, bathing

This is exam question 3 of lesson 41 «Rivers, canals and boats: locks, weirs, water-mills, barges and how not to tip a rowing boat» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	6 bathing	det
6	bathing	bathing	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 avoided	nsubj:pass
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 vicinity	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 vicinity	det
9	vicinity	vicinity	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bathing	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 weir	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 weir	det
12	weir	weir	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 vicinity	nmod
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 avoided	aux:pass
14	to	to	PART	_	16 avoided	mark
15	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 avoided	aux:pass
16	avoided	avoid	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reason	acl:relcl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	avoid	present · passive	you not said here	which bathing in the vicinity of a weir					vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: subject=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The circulating water below the weir may hold a swimmer beneath the surface

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 water	det
2	circulating	circulate	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 water	amod
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hold	nsubj
4	below	below	ADP	_	6 weir	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 weir	det
6	weir	weir	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 water	nmod
7	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 hold	aux
8	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 swimmer	det
10	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hold	obj
11	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	13 surface	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 surface	det
13	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hold	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	circulate	gerund							vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	hold	may	the circulating water below the weir	a swimmer		the surface			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent swimmer=Theme beneath surface=Location

Option 2

The water above the weir is invariably polluted by the mill

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 water	det
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 polluted	nsubj:pass
3	above	above	ADP	_	5 weir	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 weir	det
5	weir	weir	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 water	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 polluted	aux:pass
7	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	8 polluted	advmod
8	polluted	pollute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 mill	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 mill	det
11	mill	mill	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 polluted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pollute	present · passive	the mill	the water above the weir				invariably property	tree rules

Option 3

Bathing is permitted only on Sundays

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bathing	bathing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 permitted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 permitted	aux:pass
3	permitted	permit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 Sundays	advmod
5	on	on	ADP	_	6 Sundays	case
6	Sundays	Sunday	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 permitted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	permit	present · passive		Bathing			sunday		vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

Weirs are inhabited by dangerous eels which bite any bather they encounter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Weirs	weir	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 inhabited	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 inhabited	aux:pass
3	inhabited	inhabit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 eels	case
5	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 eels	amod
6	eels	eel	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 inhabited	obl
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 bite	nsubj
8	bite	bite	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 eels	acl:relcl
9	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 bather	det
10	bather	bather	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bite	obj
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 encounter	nsubj
12	encounter	encounter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 bather	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	inhabit	present · passive	dangerous eels	Weirs	tree rules
2	bite	present	dangerous eels	any bather	vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bather=Patient
3	encounter	present	Weirs = weir	any bather not said here	vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bather=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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